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PHYTOLOGIA
Designed to expedite botanical publication
Vol. 29 September, 1974 No. |
| (ROA ny Low § % FS ..
CONTENTS BOTANICAL. GARDEN
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CXXVII. Additions to the American and Pacific Adenostemmatinae. Adenostemma, Gymnocoronis and
OID DRCIIIGU Foe oe ee Se EA oo oe Re l MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Amasonia. VI ...... 21 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Bouchea. IV ....... 38 RENO ES. AAs. OOK FEPIOWS: 5 20 PE gata ol eos pod ie be Slap ele De Be 6€
Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke
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STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CXXVII. ADDITIONS TO THE AMERICAN AND PACIFIC ADENOSTEMMATINAE .
ADENOSTEMMA, GYMNOCORONIS AND SCIADOCEPHALA.
R. M. King and H. Robinson Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.
The tribe Eupatorieae has been divided into four subtribes by B. L. Robinson (1913). The groups were largely artificial and have only nomenclatural significance at present. The Adenostem- matinae, however, represented, with the exclusion of the genus Hartwrightia, a natural group and one of the most distinctive elements in the tribe. No taxonomic study of the American or Pacific members of the group seems to have been undertaken in this Century and the present work is an effort to correct the various errors and omissions in the established generic and specific concepts.
The subtribe Adenostemmatinae has been rather accurately circumscribed in the past in spite of the lack of any one obvious unifying character. Most members of the group have the distinct- ive stout gland-tipped arms of the pappus but these are lacking in Gymocoronis. The latter genus and Adenostemma share the usually greatly expanded soft style branches but these are lack- ing in Sciadocephala. Distinctive features of the subtribe that are common to all genera but are less obvious are in the struct- ure of the receptacle. This is shown partially in the broad and rather indefinite bases of the involucral bracts. More definite is the persistence of soft tissue between the areolae allowing the latter to shift in position. In other Eupatorieae the cells of the ridges between the areolae are sclerified and sometimes highly ornamented.
The three genera of the Adenostemmatinae can be distinguish- ed by the following key.
1. Pappus lacking; style glabrous ....... . . Gymnocoronis 1. Pappus with 2-5 distinct gland-tipped knobs ........2
2. Anther appendages longer than wide; ie glabrous, with firm narrow branches ....... - « ». Sciadocephala
2. Anther appendages not as long as wide; style often with numerous hairs on shaft, with soft usually expanded Bravnchesea 6. Gears re ae tas eh ee Adenostenma
a
2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 1
The generic concepts are reenforced by additional characters. Adenostemma has anther collars more swollen in the lower part with few to many distinct subquadrate basal cells, while the other genera have only oblong basal cells with transverse annu- lations. Gymnocoronis has five ribbed achenes where the ribs expand more at maturity. Sciadocephala has the pappus knobs proportionately longer with the glandular tips short and sharply demarcated basally. In Adenostemma the glandular surfaces extend downward on the outer side of the knobs. Gymnocoronis has the anther appendages mostly recessed between the anther sacs and very emarginate at the tip while Adenostemma has appendages simply truncate. Some Old World species of Adenostemma may have less swollen anther collars or glabrous stlyes but do not other- wise depart from the overall generic pattern.
The evolution of the Adenostemmatinae most likely involves an ancestral form closer to Sciadocephala which has the firmer less expanded style branches and the longer ovate anther append- ages. Such forms are the ones common in the rest of the Eupator- ieae. Gymnocoronis seems less specialized than Adenostemma, but has more modified styles and anthers than Sciadocephala. Gymno- coronis retains traces of the pappus knobs in one species, G. nutans, where the knobs are very vestigial and have no special- ized glandular tips. The genus Adenostemma has the greatest concentration of specialized features, including the setiferous styles and reduced anther appendages as well as the reduction to three angles or knobs on the achenes in most species.
Each of the genera of the subtribe has proven to need considerable revision.
ADENOSTEMMA
The genus as circumscribed here excludes two species,
A. nutans is a Gymnocoronis and A. pakaraimae is a Sciadocephala. The remaining element of the genus Adenostemma still retains the great majority of the species in the subtribe and includes all the species that have reached the Eastern Hemisphere.
Although Sciadocephala also has gland-tipped pappus knobs, it is Adenostemma in which these structures seem to have func- tioned most successfully. The glandular part of the knobs produces a very sticky substance when mature and some achenes are still sticky after many years in the herbarium. It seems obvious that animals are common agents in the distribution of these achenes and birds have probably introduced the genus into the Eastern Hemisphere more than once. The genus is the most highly speciated member of the tribe in the African and Asiatic region. These Old World species are not well known though a recent study of those from Ceylon (Grierson, 1972) is very helpful. The distribution by animals seems to be successful only within limits and long range dispersal over larger areas of water is rare enough that most of the results have achieved species distinction.
1974 King & Robinson, Additions to the Adenostemmatinae 3
. GN
Distribution of three Andean species of Adenostemma, dots A. platyphyllum, circles A. fosbergii, stars A. cuatrecasasii.
4 Pex TO LeO'GsTk Vol. 29, now 1
The reinterpretation of A. lavenia (L.) O.Kuntze shows that its elements are not conspecific as often assumed, and not even the West Indian and South American elements are the same. The South American A. brasilianum has also been interpreted too broadly. The species occurs naturally only in eastern South America. West Indian material under the latter name is A. berter- ii DC. and a single specimen from Nicaragua (Flint 1868 US) probably represents a recent introduction.
The direct effects of animals seem evident in the distribut- ions of three species of Adenostemma in western South America. One of these species, A. platyphyllum Cass., ranges from the coast of Venezuela and Colombia with one station in Panama southward in Ecuador west of the Andes. The species reaches intermontane valleys in central Peru and occurs east of the Andes in Bolivia and northernmost Argentina. The species occurs mostly at low elevations. The second species, A. fosbergii, occurs on the average at slightly higher elevations beginning in the north in the Western Cordillera and first intermontane valley of the Cauca and Valle regions of Colombia. The species occurs in the second intermontane valley slightly farther south in Dept. Huila in Colombia. Elsewhere in Colombia and in Ecuador and northern Peru the species occurs only on the eastern slope of the Andes. The third species, A. cuatrecasasii, occurs at distinctly higher elevations in central and northern Colombia and in adjacent Venezuela. It seems remarkable that the three species would have such closely adjacent and extensive rather parallel distributions without any actual overlap. Two of the species have extended their ranges quite far north and south, each crossing the main ranges of the Andes at different places. It seems likely that there are distinctive bird migration patterns that would explain these distributions.
The distribution of Adenostemma in Central America seems unexpectedly limited. There is one species known from Guatemala, A. hirtiflorum Benth., which is quite distinctive in many feat- ures including the characteristic five knobs of the pappus.
There are two species in the Greater Antilles, A. berterii DC., an erect growing plant and A. verbesina (L.) 0.Kuntze, a mostly creeping plant. There are seven species in South America, including three that are undescribed. The seven species can be distinguished by the following key.
1. Leaves mostly elliptical, entire to subserrulate ... A. suf fruticosum
1. Leaves ovate or Leah arie MT Sie distinctly serrate or Gigi) 56 6 66 6 6 oO oh) oteties) eluopme Miek its) Ufc. Wel Cte asm
2. Plants mostly creeping, erect only near tips . A. verbesina
2. Plants mostly erect, procumbent only at base .......3
197k King & Robinson, Additions to the Adenostemmatinae 5
3. Mature corollas not or scarcely exserted beyond the long involucral bracts; plants of higher elevations, above 1000 m in Colombia and Venezuela... . A. cuatrecasasii
3. Mature corollas distinctly exserted beyond involucral bracts; plants mostly of Jlower elevations). <9. 9. s)- « «2 «« «4
4. Leaves triangular with angulate lateral margins; plants of BESULSrN OULD AMOrICACs. ahsn.aienekets +) ela tames.« 5
4. Leaves ovate without angulate lateral margins; plants of western South America to Bolivia and northern Argentina RR ta? RO 2a te ad, A ees | sede AG eon rete 'O
5. Leaf blades longer than wide; involucre with prominent scarious margins; limb of corolla short and mostly hirsute Ne ee ee een ar Se eee sci Coe |
5. Leaf blades about as wide as long; involucral bracts with only slight scarious margins; limb of corolla cylindrical and glabrous in lower part ........ . A. brasilianum
6. Corolla limb very short and densely ngs ed style branches not broadened distally ...... s (are) oe Ae Posberpad
6. Corolla limb cylindrical and glabrous in lower part; style branches greatly enlarged distally ... . A. platyphyllum
Adenostemma verbesina (L. ) O.Kuntze is rather widely distributed in South America, A. suffruticosum Gardn. is known only from eastern Brasil. The following three species from South America and one species from Fiji are previously undescr- ibed.
Adenostemma cuatrecasasii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae erectae aliquantum grosse herbaceae usque ad 2 m altae annuae vel subperennes. Folia opposita, petiolis 2-11 cm longis superne sensim distincte alatis sub medio teretibus; laminae late ovatae vel subtriangulares usque ad 18 cm longae et 16 cm latae base rotundatae vel truncatae vel subcordatae abrupte late decurrentes margine valde serratae vel sunintegrae ad apicem obtuse acutae supra et subtus persparsim puberulae prope basem valde trinervatae, nervis secondariis sensim valde ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae laxe profuse cymosae, pedicellis 5-18 mm longis dense glandulo-puberulis. Capitula 5-7 mm alta 5-10 mm lata; squamae involucri ca. 15-25 eximbricatae irregulariter biser- iatae anguste oblongae subacutae vix vel non scariosae 4-5 mm longae base breviter connatae extus saepe glanduliferae. Flores ca. 15-55. Corollae albae 2.5-3.5 mm longae anguste infundibul- ares, tubis vix angustioribus, limbis elongatis extus pauce
6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 1
glanduliferis, lobis base pauce vel dense setiferis; filamenta antherarum in parte superiore base dilatata 150-200 yp, longis, cellulis plerumque subquadratis; thecae ca. 1 mm longae; scapi stylorum distincte setiferi, appendicibus grosse elongate clavatis usque ad 4 mm exsertis. Achaenia ca. 2.0-2.5 mm longa leniter curvata subtrigona plerumque dense glandulo-tuberculata; carpo- podia distincte obliqua; clavulae pappis plerumque 3 ca. 0.5-0.7 mm longae. Grana pollinis 18-20 » diam.
Type: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: entre El Salto y El Colegio, 1680 m, March 10, 1940, Cuatrecasas 8237 (Holotype US). Paratypes COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Rio Anorf between Cruces and Madreseca,
800 m, Core 679 (US); Boyaca: extreme western part, region of Mt. Chapon, 3000 ft., Lawrance 178 (US); Cundinamarca: La Vega, 1300 m, Arbel4ez & Cuatrecasas 5352 (US); Sasaima, vereda San Bernardo; La Maria entre las quebradas La Maria y La Victoria, 1850-1940 m, Garcia-Barriga 12600 (US); Norte de Santander: Regién de Sarare, entre el Alto del Loro y el Alto de Santa Inés, 1800-2200 n, Cuatrecasas, Schultes & E.Smith 12487 (US); Santander: Jordan,
10 k_ sse Landazguri, ca. 2300 m, Ewan 15671 (US); Tolima: Quindio, Triana 1160 (US); VENEZUELA: Merida: Tabay 1800-2000 nm, Gehriger 365 (US); Trujillo: entre Boconé y El Batatal, 1800 mn, Steyermark & Rabe 97367 (US).
The new species is most closely related to A. platyphyllum Cass. but it can be distinguished rather easily by its somewhat larger size, by its more cordate or subcordate main leaves and by the higher elevations where it occurs. The most distinctive difference of the new species is the length of the involucral bracts which are pointed and mostly reach the level of the corolla lobes. The bracts of A. platyphyllum are particularly short and rounded at the tip in contrast. The new species has some variation with the Venezuelan specimens tending to have larger heads with more densely glanduliferous involucral bracts and less serrate leaf margins.
Adenostemma fosbergii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae erectae herbaceae usque ad 1 m altae subperennes. Folia opposita, petiolis 1-7 cm longis superne sensim alatis sub medio teretibus; laminae late ovatae non angulatae usque ad 13 em longae et 10 cm latae base rotundatae abrupte late decurrentes margine subintegrae vel subcrenatae ad apicem breviter acutae supra et subtus sparsim minute puberulae prope basem valde trinervatae, nervis secondariis valde ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae laxe profuse cymosae, pedicellis 7-21 mm longis dense minute puberulis non glanduliferis. Capitula ca. 3.5 mm alta ca. 4.0-4.5 mm lata; squamae involucri ca. 15-20 eximbri- catae plerumque biseriatae oblongae vel ovales ad apicem rotundatae anguste scariosae ca. 2.5 mm longae base breviter connatae extus subglabrae. Flores ca. 15-20. Corollae albae 1.3-1.5 mm longae, tubis distinctis ca. 0.5 mm longis pauce glanduliferis, limbis brevibus late campanulatis ca. 0.5 mm
197k King & Robinson, Additions to the Adenostemmatinae 7
longis extus dense setiferis; lobis 4-5; filamenta antherarum in parte superiore base dilatata ca. 150 » longis, cellulis plerum- que subquadratis; thecae ca. 0.5 mm longae, appendicibus subtriangularibus ca. 75 » longis et 125 y latis; scapi stylorum distincte setiferi, appendicibus late linearibus usque ad 1 m exsertis. Achaenia ca. 2 mm longa leniter curvata subtrigona plerumque dense glandulo-tuberculata; carpopodia aliquantum obliqua; clavulae pappi plerumque 3 ca. 0.5 mm longae. Grana pollinis ca. 18 y diam.
Type: COLOMBIA: Huila: 12 km ese of Garzé6n below Finca la Estrella on Quebrada Cucaracha, one of headwaters of Quebrada Damas, 2000 m, Fosberg 19918 (Holotype US). Paratypes COLOMBIA: Cauca: Micay Valley, "La Gallera", 1400-1500 m, Killip 7679 (US); Cundinamarca: "Susumuco" southeast of Quetame, 1200-1400 m, Pennell 1737 (US); Putumayo: rio San Miquel, en el afluente izquierda Quebrada de la Hormiga, 290 m, Cuatrecasas 11089 (US); Valle: hoya de Rio Anchicay4, Quebrada del Dunubio, 300-350 m, Cuatrecasas 13721 (US); Valle: Cauca Valley, east of Zarzal, Quebrada Nueva to Cuchilla, 1100-1300 m, Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8487 (US); ECUADOR: Napo: at Rio. Suno, 3 km w of Rio Napo, 400 n, Holm-Nielsen & Jeppesen 908 (AAU); Pastaza, vicinity of Puyo, 750-1000 m, Skutch 4546 (US); Tungurahua: Valley of Pastaza River, between Bafios and Cashurco, 1300-1800 m, Hitchcock 2179 (US); PERU: Huanuco: Tingo Marfa, 625-1100 m, Allard 20609 (US); Loreto: Divisoria, 59 km from Tingo Marfa on highway to Pucallpa, ca. 1600 m, Allard 21804 (US); Loreto: Gamitanacocha, Rio Maz4n, 100-125 m, Schunke 262 (US); Loreto: lower Rio Huallaga, 155- 210 m, Williams 5164 (US); Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 m, Klug 222 (US); San Martin: Prov. de Lamas Trocha, Desquite- Cufiumbuqui, camino Sisa-Tarapoto, 1000-1200 m, Ferreyra 7991 (US); Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1100-1200 m, Klug 3379 (US).
Adenostemma fosbergii is distributed along the eastern side of the Andes in Peru and Ecuador and crosses over to the Western Cordillera in Colombia. The species is very distinct by the short and densely hirsute corolla limbs and by the rather slender style branches. The heads are generally smaller than those of A. platyphyllum which is vegetatively similar. The new species also seems to occur at slightly higher elevations on the average than the related species. The short corolla and small style branches are most like A. viscosum Forst. of the Indian and Pacific Oceans and A. perrottetii DC. of Africa. Both the latter species differ primarily by the more pubescent leaves and involucre and by the lack of hairs on the style.
Adenostemma involucratum R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
antae erectae herbaceae usque ad 1 m altae subperennes. Folia opposita, petiolis usque as 10 cm longis superne sensim alatis sub medio teretibus; laminae ovato-triangulares vel hastatae usque ad 14 cm longae et 12 cm latae distincte longiores quam latiores base late cuneatae vel truncatae et abrupte longe
8 Po YeTO*Lv0 Gurva Vol. 29, no. 1
decurentes margine subintegrae vel partim argute dentatae ad apicem argute acutae vel breviter acuminatae supra et subtus sparsim minute puberulae prope basem valde trinervatae, nervis secondariis valde ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae laxe profuse cymosae, pedicellis 5-26 mm longis dense minute puberulis non glandiferis. Capitula 4-5 mm alta et 5-7 mm lata; squamae involucri ca. 15-20 eximbricatae extus subglabrae aliquantum regulariter biseriatae exteriores anguste oblongae ca. 2.0-3.0
mm longae interiores late obovatae ca. 2.5-3.5 mm longae ad apicem late rotundatae late scariosae. Flores ca. 15-25. Corollae albae 2.0-2.3 mm longae, tubis distinctis ca. 0.6 mm longis, limbis anguste campanulatis ca. 1 mm longis extus pauce glanduliferis; lobis 5 extus pauce setiferis; filamenta antherarum in parte superiore base dilatata ca. 100 p longis, cellulis plerumque subquadratis; thecae ca. 1 mm longae, appendicibus truncatis
ca. 80 » longis et 300 y latis; scapi stylorum distincte setiferi, appendicibus grosse elongate clavatis usque ad 3.0 mm exsertis. Achaenia ca. 2.0-2.5 mm longa leniter curvata subtrigona glandul- fera vix tuberculata; carpopodia distincte obliqua; clavulae pappi plerumque 3 ca. 0.5 mm longae. Grana pollinis ca. 23 » diam.
Type: BRASIL: S80 Paulo: Ubatuba, Est. Exp., March 14, 1939, Killip 3498 (Holotype US). Paratypes: BRASIL: without precise locality, Gardner (US 1066363); Minas Gerais: Vigosa, State Agricultural School, Irwin 2700 (US); Parana: Morretes, entre Cabrestante e Pildo de Pedra, Hatschbach 14059 (US); Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado, Brook Trail between Sylvestre and Paineiras, 200-469 m, L.B.Smith & Vieira 1377 (US); Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, Barth 1117 (US); Itatiaia, Porto 2861 (US); Porte R. Doce, Esp. Santo - Matas do R. S&o Gabriel, Vieira 33 (US); Santa Catarina: Mina Velha, Garuva, S. Francisco do Sul, 10 m, Reitz & Klein 6259 (US).
The new species has triangular leaves similar to A. brasil- ianum (Pers.) Cass. which occurs in the same areas of eastern South America. The distinctions of the species include the leaf blades being longer than wide and more broadly cuneate at base, the involucre being more regular in its structure with more scarious margins on the inner bracts, the pedicels being essent- ially without glands, and the limbs of the corollas being shorter and more hirsute. The structure of the involucre is the most patterned that has been seen in the genus but the regular- ity is often broken by two or more scarious inner bracts or more rarely two narrower outer bracts occurring together.
Material of this species (Irwin 2700) is the source of a chromosome report of n= 5.
Adenostemma vitiense H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae erectae herbaceae usque ad 1-2 m altae annuae vel subperennes. Folia opposita, petiolis 2-5 cm longis superne sensim distincte alatis sub medio teretibus; laminae late ovatae
197 King & Robinson, Additions to the Adenostemmatinae 9
usque ad li, cm longae et 9.5 cm latae base late rotundatae abrupte decurrentes margine serratae ad apicem argute acutae supra perpauce minute piliferae subtus distincte sparse minute glandulo-punctatae prope basem valde trinervatae, nervis secondariis sensim valde ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae laxe corymboso-paniculatae, pedicellis 6-25 mm longis hirtellis. Capitula 6-7 mm alta 8-10 m lata; squamae involucri ca. 16-20 eximbricatae irregulariter biseriatae oblongae vel obovatae subacutae margine et apice plerumque anguste vel distincte scariosae 4.0-4.5 mm longae base breviter connatae extus distincte sparse puberulae. Flores ca. 20-30. Corollae albae ca. 2 m longae anguste infundibulares extus multo glanduliferae, tubis subdistinctis usque ad 1 mm longis, limbis anguste infundibular- ibus extus hirsutis, lobis latioribus quam longioribus; filamenta antherarum in parte superiore base aliquantum dilatata 300-350 y longa, cellulis plerumque subquadratis; thecae ca. 0.7 mm longae, appendicibus ca. 100 y longis 250 y latis; scapi stylorum glabri, appendicibus distincte leniter clavatis usque ad 2-3 mm exsertis. Achaenia ca. 3 mm longa leniter curvata biconvexa vel trigona sparse glandulifera non tuberculata; carpopodia distincte obliqua; clavulae pappi 2-3 ca. 0.7 mm longae. Grana pollinis 23-25 uy diam.
Type: FIJI: Viti Levu: Mba (formerly Tholo North), western slopes of Mt. Nanggara-nambuluta (Lomalangi), east of Nandarivatu, 1000-1100 m, A.C.Smith 4799 Holotype US). Paratype: FIJI: Nania, Wilkes s.n. (US).
Adenostemma vitiense seems unique in the glandular punctate lower surfaces of the leaves and it is one of the few species with nontuberculate achenes. The other species that has been seen from Fiji is A. viscosum Forst., described from the Society Islands and distributed from Hawaii to Ceylon. This latter species has short narrow style branches and a very short corolla limb in addition to tuberculate achenes. The Forster species seems to be the same as A.parvifolium (Bl.) DC. origin- ally described from Java. A third species, A. lanceolatum Miq., occurring in the Pacific and perhaps occurring in Fiji, has long exserted style branches, usually less sharply pointed leaves and tuberculate achenes. Glabrous styles are apparently character- istic of all the Pacific species of Adenostemma.
GYMNOCORONIS
The species of the genus are characteristically marsh plants occurring in two widely separated areas of Latin America. The genus is represented in South America by a single species, G. spilanthoides (D.Don.) DC. Blake (1923) thought it necessary to revert to the later name G. attenuata DC. for this species, but what Blake interpreted as a homonym for G. spil- anthoides should be treated simply as a miscitation of author.
10 Pons TO EcOrGoLvs Vol, 29, no. 1
The species is known primarily from Paraguay, Uruguay and adjacent Argentina with one collection from Bolivia. A still more northward extension of the natural range is now known from extreme western Brazil: Terr. do Acre: Sumpfpflanze am Ufer des Rio Mamoré bei Guajaramirim, Jan. 1965, St.Vogel 369 (US). A collection from the coast of North Carolina dating from 1888 seems to represent a short-lived introduction.
The genus Gymnocoronis in Mexico seems more complex and the number of collections is less than adequate. The present study has arrived at only limited conclusions that should be carefully rechecked against future collections. The specimens include one with densely glanduliferous corollas. A111 other specimens have corollas with few or no glands. The strictly alternate branches of the inflorescence are an additional but perhaps unreliable distinction of the more glanduliferous material described below as a new species. Among the less distinctive members of the genus in Mexico the oldest name is G. latifolia Hook. & Arn., described originally from Jalisco. On the basis of a Blake photograph of the type and an additional specimen from the southern coast of Chiapas the species seems to have rather narrow bases on most of its leaves and seems to be restricted to the Pacific Coast of Mexico. The remaining specimens from along the Gulf Coast of Mexico with opposite basal branches of the inflorescence and generally broader leaf bases include G. nutans, originally described as an Adenostemma, and perhaps a second species, G. sessilis Blake. The Blake species was separated from G. latifolia by the obviously sessile leaves but the relationship to the previously described Adenostemma nutans was not recognized. The latter species had been placed in Adeno- stemma because of the vestigial knobs at the top of the Achene. The knobs are so vestigial that they are probably of more sign- ificance for phyletic interpretation than for taxonomy. Still, such knobs have not yet been seen in any other specimens and the involucral bracts of the type specimen are more broadly rounded than the bracts of any other specimen. It would be premature to reduce G. sessilis to synonymy, but a new combina- tion is required for G. nutans in any case.
Gymnocoronis nutans (Greenman) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov. denostemma nutans Greenman, Field Mus. Bot. 2: 344. 1912.
Gymnocoronis matudae R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae erectae herbaceae minimum 40 cm altae non ramosae. Caules castanei hexagoni striati glabri. Folia plerumque opposita sessilia oblonge elliptico-lanceolata usque ad 13 cm longa et 4 em lata base cuneata et vix amplexicaulia margine crenulato-serrulata apice anguste acuta supra et subtus glabra, nervis secondariis paucis subpinnatis ascendentibus. Inflores- centiae corymboso-paniculatae, ramis alternatis glabris vel pauce minute glanduliferis, pedicellis 7-13 mm longis saepe
197, King & Robinson, Additions to the Adenostemnatinae a
cernuis. Capitula 4-6 mm alta et 4-6 mm lata; squamae involucri ca. 20 eximbricatae plerumque biseriatae anguste oblongae 3.5- 4.5 mm longae apice obtusae vel anguste rotundatae interdum lanceolatae non scariosae extus sparse glanduliferae. Flores ca. 50. Corollae ca. 3.2 mm longae extus multo glanduliferae, tubis basilaribus brevibus ca. 0.7 mm longis, limbis cylindricis, lobis 5 triangularibus 300-400 » longis ca. 400 y latis; filamenta antherarum in parte superiore crassa ca. 350-400 » longis; thecae ca. 1 mm longae; rami stylorum valde incrassati. Achaenia ca. 3 mm longa 5-costata intercostate dense glandulifera; pappus nullus. Grana pollinis 18-20 » diam.
Type: MEXICO: Campeche: Palizada, July 25-28, 1939, Matuda 3844 (Holotype US).
The species is distinguished by the densely glanduliferous corollas and the strictly alternate branches of the inflorescence.
SCIADOCEPHALA
The genus is known only from northern South America and has previously had only one recognized species. The original description by Mattfeld (1938) and another collection from near the type locality in coastal Ecuador have provided a clear concept of the type species. It has been rather surprising to find that a more recent collection from the interior of Colombia that has been placed under the name is a totally distinct species. This second species is of further interest because of the form of its nectary which seems unique in the family. A final surprise is the existance of a third species from British Guiana which has been described as an Adenostemma. At present the three species are separated in the three main isolated areas of moist tropical low lands in northern South America, the Pacific Coastal, the Amazonian, and the Guianian. The three species can be distinguished by the following key.
1. Plants creeping; leaves broadly ovate with rounded to ibeuncabe base@as \.c6 ue ww id wild lide Geodesy, Daypakamieae
1. Plants erect; leaves elliptical to ovate-lanceolate with RUROGLO: DASE inka sdxlallh’ a YREe ae Bales Ye Splat Geld ate 2s hate
2. Leaves entire, with secondary veins pinnate in 4-5 pairs mse © we 4 ee ow oo De SAZONICA
2. Leaves serrate-dentate, with few secondary veins, lower veins prominently trinervate ... S. schultze-rhonhofiae
The three species of Sciadocephala are as follows:
12 POHSY TAO lL0 Grtck Vol. 29, no. 1
Sciadocephala schultze-rhonhofiae Mattf., Notizbl. Bet. Gart. Berlin seo 938:
Sciadocephala pakaraima e (Maguire & Wurdack) R.M.King & H.Robin- son, comb. nov. jiciediont enna akaraimae Maguire & Wurdack, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9: 366. 1957.
Sciadocephala amazonica R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.
Plantae erectae herbaceae usque ad 40 cm altae perennes. Caules base decumbentes superne evanescentiter breviter rufo- hirsuti anguste fistulosi. Folia opposita, petiolis 5-15 m longis; laminae ellipticae vel anguste obovatae 5-9 cm longae et 2- cm latae base cuneatae margine integrae ad apicem obtusae vel breviter acutae supra et subtus sparsim minute puberulae, nervis pinnatis, paribus secondariis ca. 5 valde ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae subcymosae pauce capitatae, pedicellis ca. 1-2 em longis puberulis. Capitula ca. 1 cm alta ca. 3-4 mm lata; squamae involucri ca. 10 plerumque uniseriatae plerumque 5-7 mm longae lineari-lanceolatae extus sparsim puberulae ad apicem anguste obtusae base vix connatae. Flores ca. 9. Corollae albae 6-7 mm longae anguste infundibulares extus sparsim puberulae, tubis indistinctis, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.8 m longis et 0.5 mm latis; filamenta antherarum in parte superiore ca. 0.6 mm longa; thecae ca. 1.8 mm longae, appendicibus ovatis ca. 300 » longis et 250 y latis; nectaria ad apicem setifera; styli glabri, appendicibus linearibus. Achaenia 6-8 mm longa sparsim puberula; carpopodia leniter asymmetrica; clavulae pappi 4-6 plerumque 3 ca. 3.5 mm longae, partibus glanduliferis discretis ca. 0.3 mm longis. Grana pollinis argute spinosa ca. 30 w diam.
Type: COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Loretoyacu River, 100 m, Oct. 1945, Schultes 6674 (Holotype US).
The new species differs from S. schultze-rhonhofiae Mattf. most noticeably in the leaves which are entire with many pairs of secondary veins pinnately arranged. In the Mattfeld species the leaves are prominently serrate and there are only two remote pairs of secondaries with the lower pair forming a trinervate base of the lamina. The new species is also distinct in the feature that seems unique in the entire family, the presence of hairs on the tip of the nectary. Other Asteraceae have nectar- ies of various shapes and with variously positioned stomata but none have previously been seen with any kind of pubescence.
LITERATURE CITED
Blake, S. F. 1923. A new Gymnocoronis from Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 36: 179-180.
Grierson, A. J. C. 1972. Critical notes on the Compositae of
1974 King & Robinson, Additions to the Adenostemmatinae 13 Ceylon. Ceylon J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.) 10: 42-60.
Mattfeld, J. 1938. Compositae in L, Diels, Neue Arten aus Ecuador. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. u Mus. Berlin 14: 41-44.
Robinson, B. L. 1913. 1. A. Generic key to the Compositae - Fupatorieae. Contr. Gray Herb. n.s. 42: 429-137.
14 Ponee TsOrL) 0 Goivk Vol. 29, no. 1
Adenostemma cuatrecasasii R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History.
1974 King & Robinson, Additions to the Adenostemmatinae 15
S A
PLANTS OF COLOMBIA
Adenostemma fosbergii R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype,
United States National Herbarium.
16
PehYet OlLyO GEA
Vol. 29, no. 1
w
Adenostemma involucratum R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype,
United States National Herbarium.
197i King & Robinson, Additions to the Adenostemmatinae a7
f iu
Ii
6h * Rs . | “ey i DAY
Adenostemma vitiense H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium.
18 PvyHi YT OVhrO Gets Vol. 29, no. 1
ite
FLORA MEXICANA
Matude bMorloarnan
Gymnocoronis matudae R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium.
1974 King & Robinson, Additions to the Adenostemmatinae 19
Sciadocephala amazonica R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbariun.
20 Paty TOL 0rGt ah Vol. 29, now 1
Enlargements of heads of Adenostemmatinae. Top left; Adenostemma cuatrecasasii. Top right; A. fosbergii. Middle left; A. involucratum. Middle right; ie vitiense. Bottom
left; Gymnocoronis ma matudae. Bottom right; Sciado: Sciadocephala amazonica.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS AMASONIA. VI Harold N. Moldenke
AMASONIA L. f.
Additional & emended synonymy: Diplostemma Neck. apud P. C., Prodr. 7: 306, sphalm. 1838 [not Diplostenma Steud, & Hochst., 1838]. Tachigalea Griseb. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1030, in syn. 1895 [not Tachigalia Aubl., 1775]. Hassleria Briq. ex Moldenke, in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 46: 19h, in syn. 1939. Hassleria "Briq. ex Moldenke" apud Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 251, in syn. 197. Diplostemma DC. apud Airy Shaw in Wills, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 365, in syn. 1966. Amsonia Stearn, Humb, Ponpl. Kuntn Trop. Am. Bot. 16, sphalm. 1968 [not Amsonia Walt., 1788].
Additional & emended bibliography: Scop., Introd. Hist. Nat, 169. 1777; L. f., Suppl. Pl., pr. 1, 48 & 29h. 17813; J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 887, 890, 922, & 965. 1789; A. L. Juss., Gen. Pl., ed. 1, 109, 119--123, & 118 (1789) and ed. 25 109, 119-123, & 18. 1791; Je F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 2, 2: 887, 890, 922, & 965. 1796; Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot. [Illustr.] 3: pl. 543. 1797; Raeusch., Nom. Bot., ed. 3, 378. 1797; H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 205 (1817) and ed, quart., 2: 253. 1818; Pers. - Pl. 3: 355. 1819; Reich- enb., Conspect. Reg. Veg. 1: 117. 1628; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calc. 473. 1845; Schau., Linnaea 20: 8). 187; Schnitzl., Icon. Fam. Nat. Reg. Veg. 137. 1856; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., pr. 1, 501. 1861; Bocq., Rev. Verbénac. 7, 9, 50, 54, 64, 69, 75, & 86 (the- sis). 1862; Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1, 2: 87, 110, 11, 117, 119, 121, 128--130, 13h, lbh, 1h9, 155, 156, & 163 (1862) and 3: 183 & 217-219, pl. 5, fig. 1I—18. 1863; Bocq., Rev. Verbénac. 87, 110, 111, 117, 119, 121, 128-130, 134, sh, iho, 155, 156, 163, 178, 180, 183, & 217--219, pl. 5, fig. 11-18. 1863; Preiffer, Nom. Bot. 1 (1): 135. 1873; Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2 (2): 1132-1136 & 1147. 1876; Anon., Handelsbl. Tuinb. Sempervirens 1): 201 & 20). 1885; Anon., Journ. Hort. & Cottage Gard., ser. 3, 10: 435--1,36, fig. 109. 1865; [Lebl], Dllustr. Gartenzeit. Stuttg. 29: 193, pl. 26. 1885; W. Robinson, Garden 27: 130—131, pl. 79. 1885; Beck von Mannagetta & Abel, Wien. Illustr. Gartenzeit. 15: 68-69, fig. 9. 1890; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 103 & 769. 1893; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfan., ed. 1, 4 (3a): 156. bol; Méller, Deutsch. Gartn.-Zeit. 9: LjA— 142. 1894; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1030 & 1032. 1895; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 23. 1901) Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Vot. Club 29: 590. 1902; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 419. 1906; M. Kunz, Anatom. Untersuch,. Verb. 58-59. 1911; P. Ce Standl., Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1335. 1926; Benoist, Arch. Bot. Caen 5, Mém. 1: 258. 1931; Benoist, Bois Guyan. Fran¢g. 259. 1933; Moldenke, Brittonia 1: 260. 193k; L. 3 Suppl. Pia, pr. 2; 48 & 29h. 1936; As We Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl.
21
22 PRYTOLOG TA Vol. 29, no. 1
9: 1h. 1938; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 59 (2): 16. 1939; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 23 & 19. 1941; Wangerin & Krause in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (15: 6%. 191; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 91. 1945; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 103 & 769 (1946) and pr. 2, 2: 1030 & 1032. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 198-~199 (196) and 2: 246--2h7. 1947; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 12, 105, 227, & 251. 1947; Metcalfe & Chalk, Anat. Dicot. 1031, 1032, & 100. 1950; Angely, Cat. Estat. Gen. Bot. Fan. 17: 2. 1956; Angely, Fl. Paran. 7: . 1957; Moldenke in Dawson, Los Angeles Co. Mus. Contrib. Sci. 7: 11. 1957; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Ind. 15: 14353. 1958; Cuatrecasas, Revist. Acad, Colomb. Cienc. 10: 238. 1958; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 23 & 19. 1959; An- gely, Liv. Gen. Bot. Bras. 35 & 37. 1960; Braga, Pl. Nordest., ed. 2, 99 & 100. 1960; Encke, Pareys Blumengrt., ed. 2, 2: hhh. 1960 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 103 & 769 (1960 and pr. 3, 2: 1030 & 1032. 1960; J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13 (5): 611 & 689. 1960; Potztal in Encke, Pareys Blumengirt., ed. 2, 2: 439. 1960; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 36: 2311. 1961; Mol- denke, Phytologia 7: 338--342. 1961; Runner, Rep. G. W. Groff Coll. 362. 1961; Angely, Fl. Bacia Paran, 22: 39. 1962; Graf, Ex- otica 3: 1483 & 1531. 1963; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., pr. 2, 501. 1963; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 532. 1963; Melchior in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 12, 2: 437. 1964; F. A. Barkley, List Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 75, 138, 171, & 21). 1965; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 12: 6 & 21. 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 3. 1965; Van Donselaar, Wentia 1: 70. 1965; Airy Shaw in J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 48, 306, 362, 365, 521, 1097, & 1099. 1966; Huinink, Wentia 17: 136. 1966; Encke, Schonst. Kalt & Warnhauspfl. 393. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 21, 22, & 27. 1968; Stearn, Humb. Bonpl, Kunth Trop. Am. Bot. 16. 1968; J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 156. 1968; Van Donselaar, Meded. Bot. Mus. Rijksuniv. Utrecht 306: Ok. 1968; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 1: 8. 1969; Anon., Torr. Bot. Club Ind. Am. Bot. Lit. 3: 30h, 306, & 308. 1969; Foley, Flow. World Wilson 25) & [325]. 1969; Lasser, Act. Bot. Venez. : h8. 19693 El-Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69: 169, 473, 483, & 485. 1970; Goodland, Phytologia 20: 78. 19703; Soukup, Raymondiana 3: 26 & 38. 1970; Teunissen & Wildschut, Verh. Konink. Nederl. Akad. Wet. Natuurk. 59 (2): 28 & table 2. 1970; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeo- gre S. Paulo, ed. 1, h: 826, 831, & i, map 1377. 19713; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 5, 111, 115, 122, 129, 191, 133, 139, 146, 147, 185, 35h, 389, & 476 (1971) and 2: 526, 639, 755, 771, & 850. 1971; Teunissen & Wildschut, Meded. Bot. Mus. Utr. 31: 28 & table 2. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 503 (1971) and 23: 18, 431, & 50h. 1972; Encke & Buchheim in Zander, Handworterb. Pflanzennam., ed. 10, wh & 102. 1972; Stafleu, Internat. Code Bot. Nom. 35h & 378. 1972; ez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): 9, ho, & S761. 29734 Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 235 & 503 1973), 26: 499 & 511 (1973), and 28: 437, 438, 453, 463, 506, & 512. 197h; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 297, 299, 303, 307, 398—W0L, 408, & hl, fig. 38 & 39. 197k.
197k Moldenke, Notes on Amasonia 23
It should be noted that there is also a gems Diplostema of Steudel & Hochstetter which is a synonym of Geigeria Griesselich in the Carduaceae. Although Airy Shaw (1966) credits this same generic name to De Candolle, consultation of the De Candolle ref- erence shows that this author there plainly credits the name to Necker.
The Amsonia of Stearn (1968) is plainly the result of a typo- graphic error -——- Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth distinctly spell the name “Amasonia" in the work referred to by Stearn. Amsonia Walt. is a handsome genus in the Apocynaceae.
The generic name Tachigalea, accredited to Grisebach by Jackson (1895), occurs in the Grisebach work (1861) only as "Tachigalea campestris Aubl." —- an obvious error in spelling of Taligalea campestris Aubl. Tachigalia Aubl. is a genus in the Caesalpinia~ cease. This Grisebach reference has previously been cited by me, and and by numerous other workers, as "186", the title-page date, but pages 315 [bis] to 506 were actually issued in 1861.
According to Rickett & Stafleu (1960) "7156. Amasonia Linnaeus f., Suppl. 8, 294. 1781 sem. 2", typified by "A. erecta Limaeus £.", is conserved by the International Code of Botanical Nomen- clature over "Taligalea Aublet, Pl. Guiane 625. 1775", typified by "T. campestris Aublet." Stafleu (1972) also tells us that the type species of Amasonia is A, erecta L. f. and of Taligalea is T. campestris — both of these binomials are regarded by me as syno- nyms of Amsonia campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke. Barkley (1965) lists Hassleria among the valid genera of Verbenaceae, but in my opinion it is a complete and undoubted synonym of Amasonia.
Encke (1960) records the common German name for the members of this gems as "Amasonie" and gives the following description of the group: "(Thomas Amason, amerikanischer Reisender, wahrschein- lich des 18. Jahrhunderts). Halbstraucher, mit wechelstdndigen, gezahnten Blattern und gelben oder schwefelgelben Bliiten in ver- lingerten, endstandigen Trauben oder in rispigen Trauben oder ein- zeln in den Achseln groszerer und kleinerer — wie Kelch und Bliitenstiele -- rotgefarbter Deckblatter. Kronrohre lang, gerade oder am Grunde gebogen. Kronsaum 5Sspaltig, mehr oder weniger 2lippig. Kronabschnitte ausgebreitet oder zuriickgebogen. —- Etwa 8 Arten im tropischen Amerika,"
In reviewing the systematic position of this genus, Troncoso (197h) says: "Briquet en Die nat, Pflanzenfamilien, 1897 ubica Amasonia (sub Taligalea Aubl.) en la Tribu Monochileae de la Sub- fam. Ver Verbenoideae por su fructo drup&ceo con ) pirenas unisemina- das, sin tener en cuenta su inflorescencia de tipo cimoso. Este criterio fue adoptado por Moldenke, 1959. Por el contrario, Schauer en el -Prodromus, 187 lo considera en la Subtribu Viticeae Sch., junto con Aegiphila, Tectona, Callicarpa, Clerodendrum, Vitex, etc., todos géneros de inflorescencia definida, cimosa. Esta misma posic- ién adopta Junell, 193) bas4ndose en el estudio de la estrictura del
2h PAeYeT* Ob O1GIk Vol. 29, now 1
ovario que dice ser la misma que en el género Clerodendrun, Segfin mi opinién éste es el criterio m4s correcto a siguir, correspon- diéndole por sus caracteres la siguiente ubicacién en el sistema, Subfam. Viticoideae, Tribu Clerodendreae." In this connection it is rather interesting to note that Junell (193), in coming to this apparently very important taxonomic conclusion examined ovarian material from seven species of the 570 taxa at present ac- cepted in this genus.
The Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington, & Whitmore 140, distributed as Amasonia, is not verbenaceous.
AMASONIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Mart. & Schau.
Additional & emended bibliography: Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1, 3: [Rev. Verbénac.] 219. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 509. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 103. 1893; Dur- and & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 419. 1906; M. Kunz, Ana- tom. Untersuch. Verb. 58. 1911; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 419. 1941; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 103. 196; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 12. 197; Dur- and & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 19. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 103. 1960; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 7: 339. 1961; El-Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69: 183 & 485. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth Sum, 1: 146 & 389 (1971) and 2: 639 & 850. 1971; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): 58 & 61. 1973.
Recent collectors describe this plant as an herb, 30 cm, tall, the upper leaves and stems red, the corollas yellow, and found it growing in open grassy savannas, blooming in November. The type specimen, G. Gardner 311, was photographed in the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum in Munich by Macbride as his type photo- graph number 203),5, while an isotype in the Delessert Herbarium at the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques in Geneva is the basis of his type photograph number 28390.
Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Amaz6énas: Ducke 1903 (W—-1908343); Prance, Pena, & Ramos 3370 (Ld, N, S). Goids: G. Gardner 3411 [Macbride photos 20345 & 28390] (F—830281—-photo of isotype, F—68h152—-photo of type, F—686619—isotype, N—photo of type, V--29);783--isotype, W--photo of isotype, W—photo of type). Par&: Spruce s.n. [In vicinibus Barra] (V—29),705).
oa ARBOREA H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 23 205. 1817.
Additional synonymy: Amasonia arborea (Aubl.) Moldenke, Phyto- logia h: 454, in syn. 1953. Amazonia arborea H.B.K. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 453, in syn. 197k.
Additional & emended bibliography: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pls, ed. folio, 2: 205 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 253. 1818; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 103. 1893; Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 590. 1902; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 103. 1946; Moldenke in Dawson, Los Angeles Co.
197 Moldenke, Notes on Amasonia 25
Mus. Contrib. Sci. 7: 11. 1957; Cuatrecasas, Revist. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 10: 238. 1958; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 103. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 339-—-30. 1961; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 122, 129, 131, 133, 146, & 389 (1971) and 2: 80. 1971; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): L9 & 58—61. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 453. 197k.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a perennial herb, sub- ligneous herb, or a shrub, simple-stemmed, 0.5--1 m. tall, the leaves blue-green, purple beneath, and the bracts red, deep-red, crimson, or scarlet. The corollas are described as having been "yellow" on Steyermark & Bunting 102910, "lemon~yellow" on Phil- cox & Freeman 1,659, and "greenish-white" on Maguire, Maguire, & Wilson-Browne ],6050a. It has been found growing in dry forests and in rain-forests, under subshrubs, or "occasional" on escarp- ments, at altitudes of 125—915 m., flowering in April and Septen- ber.
It should be noted here that the Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth reference dates given above — correcting the one given by me in my original monograph (1939) -- have been authenticated by the late Dr. John Hendley Barnhart (1902).
Material of Amasonia arborea has heen misidentified and dis- tributed in some herbaria as A. campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke. On the other hand, the Petitbon 62, distributed as A. arborea, is ac- tually A. campestris, while Lourteig 1803, Philipson, Idrobo, & Fernandez 1188, and R. E. Schultes 5665 are A. lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau.
Additional & emended citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cardona 166 (W--1832666); Foldats 3718 (N, Ve—l7282, W—230L52), 386) (N, Ve—l7308, W—23)0L61); Holt & Blake 71 (W—-1517871), 1483 (W--1517880), 729 (W—1519322); Holt & Gehriger 273 (W—1471983); Maguire, Cowan, & Wurdack 29158 (W—2058976); Maguire, Wurdack,
& Bunting 36787 (W-—217l991); Steyermark & Bunting 102910 (N); Ll. Williams 15175 (W—1878502). Bolfvar: Bernardi 1188 (N); J. A. Steyermark 90207 (Ca); Wurdack & Monachino )10)7 (N). GUYANA: Maguire, Maguire, & Wilson-Browne ],6050a (W--2563597). BRAZIL: Amaz6nas: Holt & Blake 61 (W--1517862); J. A. Steyermark 10031 (N). Maranhfo: G. Gardner 608) (V-—-29)78)).. Mato Grosso: Phil- cox & Freeman 1,659 (N). Par&: Black, Egler, Cavalcante, & Silva 57-195h2 (8); Killip & Smith 30322 (W—1]63h7).
AMASONIA CALYCINA Hook. f.
Additional synonymy: Taligalea punicea Hort. ex Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 23, in syn. 1901 [not T. punicea (Vahl) Poir., 1806]. hie reads
Additional & emended bibliography: W. Robinson, Garden 27: 130— 131, pl. 479. 1885; [Lebl], Illustr. Gartenzeit. Stuttgart 29: 193, pl. 26. 1885; Anon., Handelsbl. Tuinb. Sempervirens 1): 201 & 20). 1885; Anon., Journ. Hort. & Cottage Gard., ser. 3, 10: 435—
26 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 1
436, fig. 109. 1885; Meehan, Gard. Month. & Hort. 27: 300—301. 1885; Regel, Gartenfl. 35: 336—338, fig. 35. 18863; Hook. f. in Curtis, Bot. Mag. 113 [ser. 3, 43]: pl. 6915. 1887; Veitch, Cat. Pl. 1889: pl. 27. 1889; Beck von Mannagetta & Abel, Wien. Illustr. Gartenzeit. 15: 68—69, fig. 9. 1890; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 509. 1891; Moller, Deutsch. Gartn.-Zeit. 9: ljl—12. 189); Pucci, Bull. Soc. Tose. Ortic. 22: 232—233, pl. 10. 1897; Durand & Jacks., Ind, Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 23 (1901) and pr. 1, 19. 1906; Veitch, Hort, Veitch. 226. 1906; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 1: 16). 1929; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 6: 217-219. 1939; Molden- ke, Lilloa ): 306—307. 1939; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 23 & 19. 191; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 200. 196; Molden- ke in Cheesman, Fl. Trin. & Tob. 2 (6): 399. 1955; Moldenke, Fam. 2 Verbenac. 18. 1955; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 23 & 19. 1959; Encke, Pareys Blumeng&rtn., ed. 2, ARE 1960; Graf, Exotica 3: 1483 & 1531. 1963; Encke, Schonst. Kalt & Warm- hauspfl. 393. 1968; Foley, Flow. World Wilson 25). 1969; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 129, 354, & 389 (1971) and 2: 639 & 850. 1971; Encke & Buchheim in Zander, Handworterb. Pflanzennam., ed. 10, 102. 1972; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): 58. 1973; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 01 & 08. 197).
Illustrations: W. Robinson, Garden 27: 130, pl. 479 [in color]. 1885; [Leb1], Dlustr. Gartenzeit. Stuttgart 29: pl. 26. 1885; Anon., Handelsbl. Tuinb. Sempervirens 1): 20). 1885; Anon., Journ. Hort. & Cottage Gard., ser. 3, 10: 436, fig. 109. 185; Meehan, Gard. Month. & Hort. 27: 300—301. 1885; Regel, Gartenfl. 35: fig. 35. 1886; Hook. f. in Curtis, Bot. Mag. 113 [ser. 3, 3]: pl. 6915 [in color]. 1887; Veitch, Cat. Pl. 1889: pl. 27. 1889; Beck von Mannagetta & Abel, Wien. Illustr. Gartenzeit. 15: 69, fig. 9. 1890; Moller, Deutsch. Gdrtn.-Zeit. 9: 142. 1893; Pucci, Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 22: pl. 10. 1897; Veitch, Hort. Veitch. 226. 1906; Encke, Pareys Blumengadrtn., ed. 2, hhh. 1960; Graf, Exotica 3: 1531. 1963.
In the Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener (1885) the anonymous author says that "This is one of the distinct new plants which Messrs. Veitch & Sons (to whom we are indebted for the il- lustration) from time to time introduce to the public, and their description of it, as follows, appears to be very accurate -- 'This is unquestionably one of the most beautiful of flowering shrubs that have been brought under the notice of horticulturists for many years. It was introduced by us from British Guiana through our collector, Mr. Davis Burke. It is of direct habit, with elegant spreading foliage; the leaves are of elliptic—lanceo- late form, from 9 to 10 inches long. The inflorescence is very brilliant, being particularly striking from having a series of the richest vermilion-crimson Poinsettia-like spreading bracts ar- ranged in pairs along the entire length of the racemes, which are a foot long; these bracts, the lowermost of which are inches long, are very persistent, remaining in perfection fully two months. From the base of each bract are produced pendulous tubu- lous flowers, in twos and threes, of a creamy white colour, of- fering a striking contrast to the rich colouring of the other
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Amasonia 27
parts of the inflorescence.' Two first-class certificates have been awarded to this plant -- one last year by the Floral Commit- tee of the Royal Horticultural Society, and the other last week at the Royal Botanic Society's Show at Regent's Park. Those honours sufficiently indicate the merit of the plant, which, by its long-continued brightness and apparent easiness of culture, is likely to find its way into most gardens where stove decora- tive plants are grown."
Encke (1960) has the following to say about this plant: "Brit. Guayana. Winter. 30—60 cm hoher, wenig odor gar nicht verzweig- ter Halbstrauch. Blatter langlich- oder elliptisch-lanzettlich, 15--30 cm lang, unregelmiszig gezahnt oder ausgebuchtet, mit Aus- nahme der obersten Blatter glatt. Bliiten hell schwefelgelb, —5 cm lang, hingend. Kelch etwa 2 1/2 cm lang, wie die Bliitenstiele rot. Deckblatter grosz, rot, mit purpurroten Haaren besetzt, nach dem Abfallen der Bliiten bis 3 Monate lang an der Pflanze haftend. — 1881.....++e..Prachtvolle, viele Monate lang blithende Warmhauspflanze ftir Schausammlungen und Liebhaber, auch fiir warme, geschlossene Wintergarten. Kultur im Warmhaus, hell, luftig und feucht, in lehmig-humoser oder in Einheitserde. Vermehrung durch Stecklinge im geschlossenen Warmbeet bei 25-—-30°." In his 1968 work he gives almost the same description but adds "Leider ist diese prachtvolle und dankbare Pflanze fast vollig aus den Samm- lungen verschwunden. Man sollte sie wieder einfthren. Sie ge- hort ins Warmhaus, wo sie genauso kultiviert wird wie Clerodendrun speciosissimum. Die Vermehrung erfolgt durch Stecklinge, die im geschlossenen Warmbeet bei 25—-30° bald wurzeln. Leider aber bil- den die Mutterpflanzen nur wenige Stecklinge, da sie sich so gut wie gar nicht verzweigen, so dasz es oft schwierig ist, auf diese Weise zu einem gewissen Bestand zu kommen,"
I am indebted to my very esteemed friend, Dr. J. L. van Soest, for the following summary of the "Sempervirens" article about this plant: "on p. 201 there is a short notice about Amasonia. It tells that it is imported from Brit. Guyana by David Burke for James Veitch & Sons. It is still expensive to buy, but it is to be hoped that the price will go down in future. It is mentioned a year ago (188) by Gardeners Chronicle, the Garden and Journal of Horticulture. The figure is = 1/2 x. No author and no names of the editorial staff and no indication from where the illustra- tion is taken."
Graf (1963) describes it as a "subshrub with scattered oblong, toothed leaves 6—12 in. long; flowered with colored bell-shaped calyx and long corolla tube, sulphur-yellow in nodding purple- hairy racemes, bracts red."
Lebl (18885 says "Diese unstreitig wertvolle Neuheit wurde von dem Sammler David Burke in British Guiana entdeckt, an der Firma Veitch in London gesendet und von da aus in den Handel gegeben. Die hervorragendsten englischen Fachzeitschriften sprechen sich sehr giinstig tiber die Pflanze aus und die kdénigl. Gartenbaugesell- schaft in London belohnte sie mit einem Zeugnis I. Klasse. Amasonia punicea ist von aufrechtem, tippigem Wuchs und hat elegant aufge-
28 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 1
breitete, elliptisch-lanzettformige Blatter von ca. 22--25 cm Lange. Der reizende Bliitenstand besteht aus zwei Reihen reich hochroter Brakteen langs der ca. 30 cm langen Bliitenahre und aus je 2—3 beisammenstehenden, abwirtshdngenden Rohrenblumen von rahmweiszer Farbe, die aus den Achseln der Brakteen oder Deck- blattern zum Vorschein kommen. Die Deckblatter, von welchen die untersten 10 cm lang sind, sehen jenen von Poinsettia pulcherrima &hnlich und behalten ihre Schonheit volle 2 Monate. So lautet die Beschreibung dieser Pflanze, auf die wir die Aufmerksamkeit der Blumenfreunde lenken." The identical illustration is reproduced here as is found also in the Sempervirens article, on p. 12 of Méller's work, and in the Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener article.
Moller (189) follows Hooker (1887) in distinguishing between tea cultivated plant and the A, punicea of Vahl [now known as A.
estris (Aubl.) Moldenke] under whose name it was originally _
distributed to gardeners. He says "Eine andere, durch die Herren Veitch ' Sohn aus Britisch-Guyana eingefuhrte und vielfach falsch- lich als A. punicea verbreitete Art ist A. calycina Hook. (Syn.: A. punicea a Hort. non Vahl). Es ist dies ebenfalls eine prachtige Pflanze, die sich von der echten A. punicea Vahl hauptsachlich durch den breiteren Kelch und durch die verschieden geformten Brakteen deutlich underschiedet; ebenso sind auch die Zipfel des Kelches groszer und lang zugespitzt. A. calycina ist ebenfalls
ein Halbstrauch mit 15--30 cm langen, elliptisch | oder langlich lanzettformigen, zugespitzten Blattern, die grob oder unregelmds- zig gebuchtet oder gezahnt sind und zu einem 3—5 cm langen Blattstiel sich verengern. Sie sind ganzlich glatt, mit Ausnahme der am Blitenstande sitzenden Blatter, die oft hellrot gefleckt sind. Der 15 bis 25 cm lange Bliitenstand ist etwas geneigt, reichlich belaubt und schwach mit roten bis purpurfarbenen Haaren besetzt. Die Brakteen oder Bltitendeckblatter sind glatt, sichel- formig gebogen und zugespitzt, die oberen oft bliitenlos oder nur mit unvollkonmmen ausgebildenten Blumen versehen.
"Die unmittelbar am Bliitenstande befindlichen Bliitendeckblat- ter sind ofters ganz hellrot, 6fters auch wieder griin mit Hellrot gefleckt oder scharlachrot in Griin verlaufend.
"Die Blumen selbst sind kurzgestielt, hangend und bis 5 cm lang. Der Kelch ist fast 21/2 cm lang, glatt und ebenfalls hellrot gefarbt. Die Korolla ist mattschwefelgelb, zylindrisch geformt, leicht gebogen und schwach behart, mist Ausnahme des kurzen, verengten Teiles der Rohre im Grunde des Kelches.
"Es ” sind jener zu Schnitzwecken verwendbaren Pflanzen, die sich gleich den Amsonien, Bougainvilleen und Poinsettien durch lebhaft gefarbte Blitenhillblatter auszeichnen, nicht sehr viele. Umso- mehr ist es geraten, ihre Kultur zur Ausbildung zu bringen, weil durch ihren Bliitenstand der Blumenbindekunst ein ganz eigenartig schon wirkender Werkstoff zuganglich gemacht wird.
"Wir haben zu unserem Bedauern sowol von der Amasonia cea wie auch von der A. calycina in Deutschland eine Vorlage fir die bildliche Veranscha hung nicht aufzutreiben vermocht und geben
197) Moldenke, Notes on Amasonia 29
deshalb die Darstellung der erstgenannten nach einer in E. Pynaert's ‘Revue de 1'Horticulture Belge et Etrangére' veroffentlichen Far- bentafel und der letzteren nach einer englischen Vorlage wieder, deren eigentlichen Ursprung wir nicht zu ermitteln in der Lage waren.
"Die tbrigen etwa 8 bis 10 noch bekannten, zu dieser Gattung gehorenden Spezies sind bisjetzt noch nicht eingefthrt; da sie auch keine besonders hervorragenden blumistischen Eigenschaften aufweisen, so durften sie wol nur fur botanische Garten Wert ha- ben." [It should be noted that the Pynaert illustration which he reproduces seems to represent A. spruceana Moldenke, rather than
the true A. calycina.]
AMASONIA CAMPESTRIS (Aubl,) Moldenke
Additional & emended synonymy: Amasonia erecta L. f., Suppl. Pl., pr. 1, 294. 1781. Tachigalea campestris Aubl. ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 501, sphalm. 1861. Amasonia erecta L. ex Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1, 3: 219. 1862, Amasonia camprestris (Aubl.) Moldenke, R6é- sumé Suppl. 3: 30, in syn. 1962. Amazonia campestris (Aubl.) Mol- denke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 16, in syn. 1967. Amasonia campestria (Aubl.) Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 235, in syn. 1973.
Additional & emended bibliography: Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guian. 2: 625, pl. 252. 1775; L. f., Suppl. Pl., pr. 1, 29h. 1781; J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 922 & 965 (1789) and ed. 13, pr. 2, 2: 922 & 965. 17963 Raeusch., Nom. Bot., ed. 3, 182. 1797; Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 51. 1798; Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 7: 556. 1806; H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 205 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 253. 1818; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 355. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 7h. 180; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Cale. 473. 1845; Schau., Linnaea 20: 8h. 1447; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 677. 1847; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 291—293. 1851; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., pr. 1, 501. 1861; Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1, 2: 76, 87, 110, 156, & 163 (1862) and 3: 219, pl. 5, fig. 11--18. 1863; Bocq., Rev. Verbénac. 76, 87, 110, 156, 163, & 219, pl. 5, fig. 11--18. 1863; Anon., Journ. Hort. & Cottage Gard., ser. 3, 10: 435--436, fig. 109. 1885; [Lebl], Mlustr. Gartenzeit. ' Stuttg. 29: 193, pl. 26. 1885; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 509. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 103. 1893; Mol- ler, Deutsch. Gartn.-Zeit. 9: ljl--1y2. 189); Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1032. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, h (3a): 157. 1895; Hook. f. in Curtis, Bot. Mag. 121: pl. 745. 1895; Pucci, Boll. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 22: 232--233, pl. 10. 1897; Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 590. 1902; T. Peckolt, Bericht. Deutsch. Pharm. Gesell. 1: 480. 190); M. Kunz, Anatom. Untersuch. Verb. 58--59. 1911; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 19. 1906; Pulle, Enum, Pl. Surinam. 402. 1906; Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 63. 1931; Molden- ke, Torreya 34: 8. 1931; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. : 107, pl. 7, fig. 2. 193k; L. f., Suppl. Pl., pr. 2, 29). 1936; A. W. Hill,
Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 1). 1938; Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 46: 210—216. 1939; Moldenke, Lilloa 4: 305—306. 1939; Mol-
30 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 1
denke, Prelim, Alph. List Invalid Names 4, 5, & 2. 1940; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 419. 19f1; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 103 (196) and pr. 2, 2: 1032. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 200. 196; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 12 & 227. 1947; Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl. 1: 2. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 502. 198; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 57, 62, 65, 67, 68, 75, 156, & 176. 1949; F. C. Hoehne, Ind. Bibl. & Num. Pl. Col. Com. Rondon 346. 1951; Moldenke in Cheesman, Fl. Trin. & Tob. 2 (6): 398--399. 1955; Moldenke, Fan. 2 Verbenac. 17-18. 1955; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 19. 1959; Braga, Pl. Nordest., ed. 2, 88 & 100. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 103 (1960) and pr. 3, 2: 1032. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia
Ts 340—3h1. 1961; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., pre 25 50l. 19633 Van Donselaar, Wentia 1): 70. 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 3. 19653 Huinink, Wentia 17: 136—137. 1966; J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 156. 1968; Van Donselaar, Meded. Bot. Mus. Rijks- univ. 306: Oh. 1968; Foley, Flow. World Wilson 25). 1969; Lasser, Act. Bot. Venez. : 48. 1969; Teunissen & Wildschut, Verh. Konink. Nederl, Akad. Wet. Natuurk. 59 (2): 28 & table 2. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 111, 122, 129, 131, 133, 147, 354, & 389 (1971) and 2: 639 & 850. 1971; Tewnissen & Wildschut, Meded. Bot. Mus. Utr. 31: 28 & table 2. 1971; Stafleu, Internat. Code Bot. Nom. 35h. 1972; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): 58-61. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 235 (1973) and 28: os 1974; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 00, 401, & 08, fig. 39. 1974.
Illustrations: Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guian. h: pl. 262. 1775; Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot. 3: pl. 543. 1797; Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: pl. 20. 1798; Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1, 2: pl. 5, fig. 11-18. 1863; Bocq., Rev. Verbénac. pl. 5. 1863; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (3a): 157. 1895; Hook. in Curtis, Bot. Mag. 121: pl. 7hhS [in color]. 1895; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 00, fig. 39. 197k.
Recent collectors describe this plant as an erect perennial herb, a half=shrub, or a subshrub, 0.3--2 m. tall, usually with a single erect stem and no branches, or occasionally with red branches, the leaves scattered along the stem, the midrib and veins purple beneath, the inflorescences 30--50 cm. tall, the hairs dark-violet, the bracts red, bright-red, dark-red, or cardi- nal-red to vermillion or even “brown-purple", or else "greenish outside and red inside", the calyx red or dark-red, the corollas yellow or pale-yellow to cream-color, the filaments white, the anthers brown or mstard-green, and the fruit green or light-green to yellowish—green when immature, turning black at maturity. The Sastres say "nervures face inférieure des fevilles rougeftres, tiges rouges; bractées rouges, nervures face inférieure vertes saillantes; pédoncules rouges, sépales vert rougefitres, pétales jaunes grande racine pivotante blanche; fruits immatures verts."
The corollas are said to have been "yellow" on Cavalcante 21,09,
D. H. Davis 43, and J. A. Steyermark 86561, "pinkish-white" on W.
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Amasonia 31
R. Anderson 7732, and "cream" on Irwin, Harley, & Smith 30808; on Davis 903 the ie label states "bracts and flowers red", bu but this is
most certainly due to an error in observation on the part of the
collector.
The Eitens describe the plant as a "low subshrub, the flowers 22 mm. long from base of the calyx plus 8 m. more of projecting style, face of corolla (looking into its mouth) 11 x 12 m., out- side of corolla light-green tinged with red, upper surface of limb light-green with reticulate red lines, filaments whitish, anthers mustard-green, ripe berry spherical, 7 mm. in diameter, black." They encountered it growing in a "chapada" of tall trees in decid- uous to evergreen xeromorphic tree woodland (cerrado) on the tops and sides of sandstone plateaus and some low flat land, at 300 n. altitude, flowering and fruiting in April. It should be pointed out that the fruits are actually drupes, not "berries",
The plant has been found growing in forest shade, in open woods, on savannas, in thickets in savanna meadows near streams, in hammocks in the middle of savannas, on white or gray sand of dry savannas of Byrsonima verbascifolia, in sandy cerrado or on cerrado slopes, in "cerrado xeromorphic arboreal woodlands", and in cutover semi-deciduous forests on slopes. Goodland found it in the partial shade of shrubs on dry lateritic ridged savanna grassland with scattered trees, the dominant plants being Cura- tella, Byrsonima, Trachypogon, and Fimbristylis. Anderson found it in. cerrado in an area of "mesophytic woods by stream, open marshy place near stream, and cerrado on hillsides above", Lens encountered it on loamy soil of savannas dominated by Trachypogon and Curatella americana. Irwin and his associates report it from cerrado in regions of gallery forest and adjacent cerrado in Goids and assert that it is "infrequent in cerrado" in Bahia. The Eitens found it "on natural lithosol campo, in the stony soil on top of bedrock sandstone pavement".
Amasonia campestris has been found at altitudes of 300 to 1000 meters, flowering (in addition to the months previously reported by me) in August and fruiting in February and March. Huinink (1966) states that it is found in the Polycarpaeo-Trachypogonetum cyperetosum and Polycarpaeo-Trachypogonetum curatelletosum asso- ciations. The vernacular names, “cacho vermelho", "cola de gallo", and "mendéca", are recorded for. it, and it is said to be used by natives in the treatment of stomach inflammations. Peckolt (190h) says of it "Ein Strauch der Staaten vom Xquator bis zum 9.° sudl. Br.......Das Dekokt der Blatter ist ein Volksmittel bein Gonor- rhode."
The type specimen of Taligalea campestris, Aublet s.n., in the herbarium of the British Museum (Natural History) in London, was photographed there by F. G. Meyer as his type photograph number 4070. The type specimen of A. velutina, Blanchet 3156, was photo- graphed by Macbride in the DeCandolle Herbarium at the Conserva- toire et Jardin Botaniques in Geneva and is his type photograph number 7887.
It should also be noted here that the Humboldt, Bonpland, and
32 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 1
Kunth reference dates given in the emended bibliography above have been authenticated by Barnhart (1902). It is interesting to note, also, that Raeuschel (1797) gives the native habitat of A. erecta as Surinam and of A. taligalea as "Guiana",
Foley (1969) describes what he calls Amasonia cea as a "pretty flowering plant, native of British Guiana. Each shoot terminates in a raceme of many white tubular flowers each 1" long and subtended by a bright red bract which persists for a couple of months after the flowers have fallen." Obviously, he is speaking of A. calycina Hook. f. (the "A. punicea Hort.", not A. punicea Vahl). Similarly, the description and illustration given by Pucci (1897) refer to A. calycina -- they are merely copies of those in Tllustr. Gartenzeit. TeSGy, Moller's Deutsch. Gartn.-Zeit. (189), etc.
Steyermark (1968) cites J. A. Steyermark 86561 & 8888. Mater- ial of A. campestris has been distributed in some herbaria as "Amazonia sp." On the other hand, the Maguire, Maguire, & Wilson- Browne 1,6050a, distributed as Awasonia camestris, is actually A.
eee eee ee
Benth, and Prance & Silva 58720 is A. lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau. Maguire & Stahel 22782 is a mixture with Aegiphila laevis (Aubl.) Gmel. — its label is inscribed "Frequent; liana", a statement which doubtless applies to the Aegiphila portion of the number. Additional & emended citations: TRINIDAD & TOBAGO: Trinidad: Britton, Coker, & Rowland 112 (W--10,6816); W. E. Broadway 2138 (F—218873), 6950 (F—-9722]1); Eggers 1003 (Ca--153283, V--98099), 1389 (W—11)8085); D. G. Fairchild s.n. [Feb. 15, 1932] (E— 1082993, W--1626013); Ryan s.n, [Macbride photos 22773] (F—- 687347—photo); Warming 207 (W—123l,850); Webster, Ellis, & Mil- ler 9653 (S). VENEZUELA: Anzoategui: H. Pittier 15089 (W— 1876257). Bolivar: Maguire, Wurdack, & Bunting 35955 (W— 217498); Pannier 822 (Ve—51181); J. A. Steyermark 86561 (W— 2186289), 88488 (N); Ll. Williams 13420 (W—1800636). Gudrico: Aristeguieta 2317 (Ve—l3038), 4206 (Ve—-l6120), 5669 (N); Bly- denstein 273 (Ve--9237); Tamayo 4115 (Ve—38h21, W-—-2220993) . Monagas: Tamayo 31,88 (Ve--51,03). Sucre: Lasser & Vareschi 3883 (Ve—38121). GUYANA: Cowan & Soderstrom 1759 (W—2370L83), 1771 (W-—-237048), W--2370)85); D. H. Davis 43 (N), 903 (N); Goodland 209 (Ld, W—25)6183); A. S. Hitchcock 16956 (W--1056155, W—- 1056156); Irwin 301 (W-—21726)0), 593 (Au—1654,80), 1039 (Au— 165661); Jenman 5567 (W—57332, W—1323169); Rob. Schomburgk 228 (V--294781, V—29]785, W--702593); A. C. Smith 2hi1 (F—1023682). SURINAM: Archer 2772 (W--1592347); D. G. Fairchild s.n. [March 3, 1932] (W—1626066); Hostmann 893 (V—1]1721, V—29780), 1409 (v— 123450); Lems 60223 (N); Maguire & Stahel 22782, in part (W— 1902626); Wullschlagel 403 (V—132182, V-—161105), 1982 (V—-132181).
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Amasonia 33
FRENCH GUIANA: Aublet s.n. [F. G. Mey. photo 070) (Gz--photo of type, N--photo of type); W. B. Broadway 176 (G, W—1068512), 77 (W--1068901); M6linon 82 (F——539771, W--1123381); Petitbon 62 (P); Poiteau s.n. [Cayenne] ~(V=-125539) ; Sagot 42h (vV--122956), 1319 (V—-122957), s.n. (Pd); Sastre & Sastre 21 (N, P), lh (N, P), 219 (P, P); Schnell 11068 (P), 11089 (N). BRAZIL: heuea Black & Lo~ pate 50-93) (Ga—91)82); Irwin & Westra 47249 (N); Maguire & wre 47025 (W--256359)); Murga Pires, Rodrigues, & & Irvine ato 2 (W—2563595), 51120 (W--256 359 a. Bahia: Bl Blanchet et 3156 fe siride photos 7887] (F (F--6)5561—photo, F—686)11, F— F--869622, F—923105—photo, W—photo); Irwin, Grear, Souza, & Reis dos San- tos 14681 (Ld), Irwin, Harley, & Smith 30808 (La, N). Ceardé: Freire Allemfo 1168 168 (W--1199360); G. Gardner 1987 (V—-29),782) ; Luetzelburg burg 26095 ( (F--912251), 26162 (F-83665). Goids: W. Re Anderson 7732 2 (Ub); Irwin, Grear, Souza, & Reis dos Santos ; ULI (N); Irw Irwin, i Maxell, & Wasshausen 21253 (N), 21390 90 (Ac). Maran- h&o: Eiten & Eiten “Biten 3586 (N, W—245203), 391h (W-- (W---2l45200) , 4158 (N, N, W—2)),5197, W—2h)5212) , 4353 (W-~2))5215) , 10374 (W#—- 2687975) , 10505 (W--2701739). Minas Gerais: Belém & Mendes 451 (Ac); Irwin, Re: Reis dos Santos, Souza, & Fonseca 23879 (Ac, N). Pard: Archer 7606 ‘(¥--21,39056) ; favalaants 209 (La, (Ld, N); Drouet 2125 (F—99136, Mi, W--159)7h2); Guedes 100 0 (Ba); Mexia 592ha, in part (E~-1068925) ; Monteiro da Costa 263 (F—-693999); Murga Pires & Silva 1052) (Ld). Piauf: Ge G. Gardner 2276, in part (V-- 291706) « ~Trauira Island: Frées 1862 (E--10)1569, F—707013, W— ats LOCALITY OF COLLECTION N UNDETERMINED: Herb. Barbier sn. (P).
AMASONIA CAMPESTRIS var, SURINAMENSIS Moldenke
Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 6: 216. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verhen- ace, ed. 1, 33 & 86. 192; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 200. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., fed. 2], 67 & 176. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 76 & 2. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Sum, l: 131 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac, Fam. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): 58 & 61. 1973.
Lépez-Palacios (1973) feel that this plant may yet be found in Bolivar or Amazonas, Venezuela.
AMASONIA HIRTA Benth.
Additional synonymy: Gesnera pilosa Glaz. ex Moldenke, Phyto- logia 23: 31, in syn. 1972. Gesneria pilosa Glaz. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 431, in syn. 1972 [not G. pilosa Hort., 137].
Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks.in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 103. 1893; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pre 1, 419. 1306; M. Kunz, Anatom, Untersuch. Verb. 58. 19113 Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 46: 203--205. 1939; Durand
3h PHYTO LOG TA Vol. 29, now. 1
& Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 419. 19413 Moldenke, Lilloa 6: 313. 1941; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 103. 1946; Moldenke in Dawson, Los Angeles Co. Mus. Contrib. Sci. 7: 11. 1957; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, h19. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 103. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 31. 1961; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 4: 831 & i, map 1377. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 147 & 185 (1971) and 2: 639 & 850. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 431. 1972; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 ee 1973; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 399, 01, & 408, fig. 38. 197).
Tllustrations: Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 399, fig. 38. 197k.
Recent collectors describe this plant as a tall erect herb, subshrub, or small shrub, 0.25—-1 m. tall, the stems simple, in clumps, red or reddish, the leaves softly hairy, dark-green a- bove, paler beneath, the inflorescence apex nodding, the bracts red, reddish, or red-orange to orange-red, orange, or scarlet, sometimes described as "yellow-green to red or rusty-red", "yel- low to red-orange", "yellow-green and red", or "red inside and greenish outside". The calyx, similarly, is described as red, reddish, bright-red, orange-red, or scarlet, yellow-green and red, yellow-green to rusty-red, or sometimes orange-yellow. The imma- ture fruits are described as green or yellow-green. Irwin and his associates speak of "heads violet—brown" and "heads cream", but I am not certain to what they are here referring since there are no capitate inflorescences in this gems.
The corollas are said to have been "white" on R. P. Belém 77, "cream" on Irwin, Anderson, Stieber, & Lee 3164, 34509, & 34750, Irwin, Grear, Souza, & Reis dos Santos 12305, Irwin, Harley, & Smith 32793, Irwin, Maxwell, & Wasshausen 1180 & 1882), Irwin, Onishi, Fons8ca, Souza, Reis dos Santos, & Ramos 25008 & 26161, and Irwin, Reis dos Santos, Souza, & Fons&ca 23990 & 2,967, "yel- low" on Murga Pires & Cavalcante 51993, “pinkish-yellow" on Irwin, Onishi, Fons&ca, Souza, Reis dos Santos, & Ramos 25718, "“pinkish- cream" on Philcox & Fereira 3886, and "cream, pinkish in throat"
437 they are described as "corolla-tube fawnish-cream". Some collectors have described the calyx as "reddish-green".
The plant has been found growing among grasses on campo slopes and among newly invading vegetation, in cerrado, on rocky slopes, in grassy cerrado on very dry soil, on dry campos, in stony pas- tured campos on gentle slopes or in pastured cerrado, in wet places on campo on rocky slopes, in cerrado in areas of brejo (wet sedge meadow), cerrado, and gallery woods, cerrado and adjacent slope forest. Irwin and his associates describe it as canmon on campos; others refer to it as frequent at gallery margins and on upland savannas and have found it on campos in regions of cerrado on steep slopes surrounded by campo. It has been collected at al- titudes of 700-1250 meters, flowering from January to March, in July, and in October, fruiting from January to March and in July.
197k Moldenke, Notes on Amasonia 35
Irwin & Soderstrom aver that it is "infrequent" in Goids.
Kuntze (1891) reduces A. lasiocaulos Mart. & Schau. to the synonymy of A, hirta, a disposition with which I cannot agree,
Oliveira descrites A. hirta as an "arbustinho, c4lice vermelho, pétalas brancas tubulosas, estames e anteras brancas" and "fl6r evermelhada" and found it” in a high forest on sandy terrafirma (non-inundated land). The Eitens call it a "tall herb, petals pale light-yellow, filaments pale light~-yellow, anthers yellow, calyx in flower pale-peach tinged with green, in fruit reddish- peach", A vernacular name recorded for the plant is "mendoca",
A specimen of Martius 583 in the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum in Munich was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 2036 and another of the same collection at the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques in Geneva as his type photo- graph number 7886, but this collection is not one on which the species was based. The type of Gesneria pilosa is Glaziou 21835 from Goids, Brazil, deposited in the herbarium of the Muséum Nat- ional d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris.
Some material of A. hirta has been misidentified and distribu- ted in some herbaria as A. campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke.
Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Amap&: Murcga Pires & Cavalcante 51993 (Ld, N, S). Distrito Federal: R. P. Belém 77 (Ac, Ld, N); Irw Irwin, Souza, & Reis dos Santos 11389 (Ac); Mu Murga_ Pires, Silva, ~& Souza ane 958 (B). Goids: Glaziou 21835 (P); Har Harley, Barroso, & al. 1431 (N)5 Irwin, Anderson, Stieber, & Lee 34161 (Ub), 3416) (N), 34509 (Ld, N, * N, W--2709617), 3750 (Ac, N, W-- 2709859) ; j Irwin, Grear, Souza, & Reis dos Santos ntos 12305 (Ac) . 14296 (Ld); Irw. Irwin, Har. Harley, & | & Smith h 31820 (A Ac), 32793 (Ld, N, W-- 2709810) ; ; Irwin, | Uaxwell, & Wasshausen sen 1882 (ac), 188),0 (La); ; Irwin, Onishi, | Fonséca 6ca, Souza, Reis dos Sant Santos, & Ramos amos 25008 (1d, (id, N); ; Irwin, “Reis d dos Sant Santos, So Souza, & & Fonséca 23990 (Ac, (Ac, N), 24967 (Ld, DN); Irwin & 5 Sodeeai oon 7227 (N). Mato Grosso: Malme 1318 1318 (W--1483h71); Martius us 583 [Macbride photos 7886 & 2036] _ (E~131932, F—61572h—photo, | F--68),153—photo, N--photo, W#— photo) ; Philcox & Fereira 3886 (N), 4374 (N); Retter, Bertoldo, Castro, Santos, & Souza R.915 (N). Minas Gerais: Bi Eiten & Eiten 3566 ( (N, “W—2he209); I Irwin, Onishi, Fons&ca, Souza, a, Reis dos Santos, & Ramos 25748 (Ac, N); 26161 (Ac); M Macedo edo 195 ; (W—219725h) 5 Tamberlik 8.n. 3.n. (F—87632h). Paré: E E. Oliveira ira WLS ( (N), L469 (N); Spruce s. S.n. [In vicinibus Barra] (F—686 366), s.n. wn. [In vicinibus Santarem, 1850] (V-—29708). S&o Paulo: L. Riedel 37x (W—
15736), sen. [Villa Franca, June 1834] (W—15736h7).
AMASONIA LASIOCAULOS Mart. & Schau.
Additional synonymy: Amasonia lasiocaulis Mart. & Schau. ex Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 509, in syn. 1091.
Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks.,
36 P°H Yo TV0) Lx 'G-1 A Vol. 29, no. 1
Ind, Kew., pr. 1, 1: 103. 1893; M. Kunz, Anatom. Untersuch. Verb. 58—59. 1911; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 227. 1947; Cuatrecasas, Revist. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 10: 238. 1958; J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13 (5): 689—690. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 31. 1961; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 115, 139, 17, & 389 (1971) and 2: 639 & 950. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 18. 1972; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): 58 & 61. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 437, 38, & 453. 197h.
Recent collectors describe this plant as an herb, 20--50 cn. tall, or a shrub, 1--1.5 m. tall, the stem leafless below, the upper leaves whorled, purple beneath or bright-red or red when young and maroon when adult, the inflorescence rosy-coral or scar=- let, the bracts red, cardinal-red, or vermillion to scarlet, or bright-red when young and maroon when adult, the calyx red or scarlet, the corollas lemon-yellow or cream, and the immature fruit green, becoming deep-red when mature. The corollas are said to have been "yellow" on Prance & Silva 58720, “light-green" on Prance, Maas, Kubitzki, Steward, Ramos, Pinheiro, & Lima 11782, and "red" on Silva & Souza 2278.
The plant has been found growing in clay or limestone soil in dense humid or shaded forests or in moist forests on white sand, at altitudes of )00--600 meters, flowering from July to September (in addition to months previously reported by me), and fruiting in February, August, and November. Cowan & Soderstrom report it "locally occasional" in Guyana, while Miss Lourteig refers to it as "rare" in Amap&, Brazil. A vernacular name reported for it is | "mendoca", the same as is used for other species of the genus. Lépez-Palacios (1973) thinks that it may yet be found in Amazonas or Bolivar, Venezuela. Macbride (1960) cites only Allard 20522 from San Martin, Peru.
The Eitens call A. lasiocaulos a subshrub, with the bracts red, the corollas light-green, the filaments and style light~green, and the anthers light-browmm. They encountered it growing in virgin upland semideciduous mesophytic forest 11 m. tall, the tree canopy over 60 percent, with a few shrubs, the ground layer of dense mar- antaceous herbs and low Olyra-like grass [this type of forest is locally called ear flowering in January.
Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbar- ia as A. arborea H.B.K., A. campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke, or "Ama-
zonia arborea H.B.K."
Additional & emended citations: COLOMBIA: Méta: Philipson, Id- robo, & Fernandez 1188 (W—20261)6). Vaupés: Cuatrecasas 7017 (W— 177h22h); R. E. Schultes 5665 (W—18750)0). GUYANA: Cowan & So- derstrom 1712 (Fg, W—2678022). BRAZIL: Acre: Prance, Maas, Ku- bitzki, Steward, Ramos, Pinheiro, & Lima 11782 (Id, N). dAmapa: Egler & Irvine 626 (N); lourteig 1803 (W—2595102); Murcga Pires, Rodrigues, & Irvine 50308 (N), 50761 (N). Amaz6nas: Prance, Pena, Ramos, & Monteiro 2203 (N); Ule 8961 (W—1615262). MaranhSo: Eiten & Eiten 10275 (W--2689051). Par&: Dahlgren & Sella 53 (F—
197k Moldenke, Notes on Amasonia 37
602561), 637 (F--602980); Kauffmann 5 (F—603452); Mexia 592ha, in part (F—6709)2, F—6709)3); Prance & Silva 58720 (N, W—251755); Silva & Souza 2278 (N). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: pl. 8. 1851 (N, 2).
AMASONIA OBOVATA Gleason
Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 1k. 1938; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 59 (2): 16. 1939; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 31. 1961; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 122 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): 58, &, & 61. 1973.
Lépez—Palacios asserts (1973) that "Sin embargo, en algunos ejemplares de A. campestris de los Llanos venezolanos se encuen- tran también brdcteas obovadas."
AMASONIA SPRUCEANA Moldenke
Additional synonymy: Amasonia sprucena [Moldenke] ex Lépez- Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): 59, sphaln. 1973.
Additional bibliography: Seghers, Rev. Hort. Belg. 20: 13—15. 1894; Moller, Deutsch. Gart.-Zeit. 9: ljl--12. 189); A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 1). 1938; Cuatrecasas, Revist. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 10: 238. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 342. 19613; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 115, 122, 147, & 35h (1971) and 2: 850. 1971; Lépez- Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): 9 & 58--61. 19733 Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 453. 1974; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 401 & 08. 197].
Illustrations: Seghers, Rev. Hort. Belg. 20: 13 (in color). 1894; Moller, Deutsch. Gart.-Zeit. 9: 11. 189).
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in forests on terrafirma (non-inundated land), flowering and fruiting in Octo- ber, and describe the plant as a shrub, 1m. tall, with white flowers and red fruit. Lépez-Palacios (1973) wonders if this taxon may not be merely an anomalous form of A. arborea H.B.K.
An isotype of A. spruceana, Spruce 3288, in the Delessert Her- barium at the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at Geneva was eal there by Macbride as his type photograph number 28391.
Additional & emended citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: Cuatrecasas 6853 (W—17767)). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Spruce 3288 [Macbride photos 28391] (F—686512—isotype, F--830282—photo of isotype, V--29],707--isotype, W—photo of isotype). BRAZIL: Amaz6nas: Prance, Maas, Woolcott, Monteiro, & Ramos 15818 (Ld, N).
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS BOUCHEA. IV
Harold N. Moldenke
BOUCHEA Cham.
Additional synonymy: Fovearia L. C. Rich. ex Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names 2, in syn. 1942. Buchea Cham. ex Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl. 1: 3, in syn. 1947. Beuchea Tron- coso, Darwiniana 18: 302, sphalm. 197).
Additional & emended bibliography: Breyn., Prod. Fasc. Rar. Pl. Anno 1679 Hort. 1680; Breyn., Prod. Fasc. Rar. Pl. Secund. 10h. 1689; Pluk., Phytogr. 2: pl. 70, fig. 1, & pl. 321, fig. 1. 1691; Sloane, Cat. Pl. Ins. Jamaic. 64. 1696; Moris., Pl. Hist. Univ. Oxon. 3: 418 [",08"] & 419. 1699; Ray, Hist. Plant. 3: Suppl. 285 & 286. 170); Herm., Cat. Plant. Nond. 13 & 15. 1705; Breyn., Prod. Fasc. Rar. Pl. Prim. & Sec. 2: 10h. 17393 Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 572. 1766; [Retz.], Nom. Bot. 11. 1772; Christm. & Panzer, Vollst. Pflanzensyst. Houttuyn 5: 121-122. 1779; J. F. Gmel. in Le, Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 22 12 (1789) and ed. 13, prs 22 2: 1. 1796; Raeusch., Nom. Bot., ed. 3, 3. 1797; Balbis, Cat. Pl. Hort. Bot. Taur. 48. 180); Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 351. 1819; Petern., Cod. Bot. Linn. Ind. Alph. 196. 180; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 629 & 750. 181; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Cale. 473. 185; Schau., Linnaea 20: 78. 1847; D. Clos, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, 10: 378— 381. 1848; C. Gay, Hist. Fis. Chile Bot. 5: 25—-27 & Atlas 1: pl. 55. 1849; Schnitzl., Icon. Fam, Nat. Reg. Beg. 137. 1856;
Thwaites & Hook. f., Enum, Pl. Zeyl., pr. 1, 21. 1861; Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1, 2: 89, 110, 115, 12h, 125, 127, 128, 132, 139, 143, & 146—148 (1862) and 3: 180—182, 184, 185, 235—237, & 2h, pl. 16. 1863; Bocq., Rev. Verbénac. (repr.) 89, 110, 115, 12h, 125, 127, 128, 132, 139, 153, 1:6~—1)8, 180~182, 164, 185, 235—" 237, & 2h1, pl. 16. 1863; Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cuba 21). 1866; Harv., Gen, S. Afr. Pl., ed. 2, 288 & 290. 1868; R. A. Phil., Anal. Univ. Chil. 35: 193. 1870; Preiffer, Nom. Bot. 1 (1): 450 & 702 (1873) and 2 (1): 759. 187); A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am., ed. 1, 2 (1): 333— 335. 1878; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 56. 1885; Trimen, Journ. Ceylon Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. 9: [Syst. Cat. Flow. Pl. Ceylon] 68. 1885; A. S. Hitchce., Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. : 117. 1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 327, 349, & 753 (1893) and pr. 1, 2: 50h, 56h, & 567. 1893; T. R. Sims, Sketch & Check-list Fl. Kaffr. 63. 189); Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 974 & 1178. 1895; Robinson & Greemm., Am. Journ. Sci. 150 [ser. 3, 50]: 147. 18953; Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 3: 347—348. 1895; Just, Bot. Jahresber. 23 (2): 76. 1897; J. G. Baker in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 5: 273 & 281—283. 1900; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 61. 1901; T. Peckolt, Bericht. Deutsch. Pharm. Gesell. lj: 66. 190); M. Kunz, Anatom. Untersuch. Verb, 38—l1. 1911; J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 533. 1912; Loes., Verh. ae Ver. Brand. 53: 79 [Abhandl.
197) Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea 39
2h). 1912; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 1, 28. 1913; Chiov., Result. Scient. Miss. Stef. 1: 143. 1916; Prin, Ind. Kew. Suppl. Sm pr. 1, 35. 1921; Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras 6: 1085 & 1089. 192h; Bews, Pf. Forms & Evol. S. Afr. 156 & 188. 1925; Britton & P, Wils., Scient. Surv. Porto Rico 6: 137 & 142—-1)3. 1925; Wan- gerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 5) (1): 1170 [366]. 1932; Steyerm. & Moore, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 20: 801. 1933; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 5 (2): 7h6--7)7. 193k; P. C. Standl., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 18: 993. 1938; Tharp, Veg. Tex. 67. 19393 Robledo, Lecce. Bot. 2: 498. 190; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 61. 1941; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 569 & 571. 1941; Wangerin & Krause in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (1): 653. 1941; Savage, Cat. Linn. Herb. Lond. ). 1945; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 327, 39, & 753 (196) and pr. 2, 2: 504, 564, & 567. 196; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 33 & 222. 1947; Selling, Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 38: 27 & 39h. 1947; E. D. Merr., Ind. Raf. 20). 1949; Metcalfe & Chalk, Anat. Dicot. 1031, 1032, & 100. 1950; Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard., ed. 1, 1: 302. 1951; Kearney, List Citations Place Publ. Spp. Ariz. 19 [thesis]. 1951; Rambo, Sellowia 3: 72 & 78. 1951; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 1, 48 & hW9, fig. 256 C & D. 1952; Arnoldo, Zakf1l. 125--126, 154, & 163, pl. 55, fig. 119. 1954; Rambo, Sellowia 6: 59, 67, & 153. 1954; J. B. Gillett, Kew Bull, Misc. Inf. 1955: 132--135. 1955; Angely, Cat. Estat. Gen. Bot. Fan. 17: 3. 1956; Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard., ed. 2, 1: 302. 1956; Rambo, Sellowia 7: 207. 1956; Angely, Fl. Paran. 7: 4 & 11. 1957; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 31: 561. 1957; Schnack & Fehleisen, Darwiniana 11: 25-255. 1957; Vélez, Herb. Angiosp. Lesser Ant. 116. 1957; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Index 15: 1435). 1958; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Nos. 1:
vi & 53. 1958; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18: 169. 1958; Humbert, Fl. Sahara Sept. & Cent. 07. 19583 Prain, Ind. Kew. “Suppl. h, pr. 2, 28. 1958; Van Campo, Bull. I. F. A. Ne 20 (A-3): 753-760. 1958; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, 7. 1959; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 61. 1959; J. Hutch- inson, Fam. Flow. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 395. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 23. 1959; Angely, Liv. Gen. Bot. Bras. 35 & 39. 1960; Howell & McClintock in Kearney & Peebles, Ariz. Fl., ed. z, 730. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 327, 3h9, & 753 (1960) and 2: 50), 56h, & 567. 1960; Kevorkian, Phytopath. 43: 406. 1960; Kevorkian, Mycologia 52: 523-52. 1960; J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot, 13 (5): 611 & 656—657. 1960; Martin & Noel, Fl. Albany & Bathhurst 92. 1960; Prin, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 35. 1960; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. Minas 149. 1960; Rambo, Pesquis. Bot. : 18 (1960) and 12: 21. 1961; Kevork- ian, Mycologia 53: 37--438. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 345— 350. 1961; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 36: 2311. 1961; Runner, Rep. G. W. Groff Coll. 362. 1961; Angely, Fl. Paran. 17: 6. 1961; Angely, Fl. Bacia Paran. 22: 39. 1962; Nair & Rehman, Bull. Bot. Gard. Lucknow 76: 3. 1962; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 39: 614. 1962; Soukup, Biota 4: 123-12) (1962) and 4: 366. 1963; Hepper in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: 437. 1963; Erdtman in Preston,
hO PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 1
Adv. Bot. Res. 149--208. 1963; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 532 & 535. 1963; Legris, Trav. Sect. Scient. Inst. Frang. Pond. 6: 395, 535, & 558. 1963; J. K. Maheshwari, Fl. Delhi 276 & 279. 1963; Quezel & Santa, Nouv. Fl. Alg. 2: 779 & 781. 1963; H. P. Riley, Fam. Flow. Pl. S. Afr. 128. 1963; Santapau & Wagh, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 108. 1963; Angely, Bibl. Veg. Paran. 195. 196; R. Good, Geogr. Flow. Pl. iho. 1964; Melchior in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 12, 2: 437. 1964; Langman, Select. Guide Lit. Flow, Pl. Mex. 208, 335, 517, & 1010. 196); Puri, Jain, Mukerjee, Sarup, & Kotwal, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 19: 107. 196); C. M. Row- ell, Sida 1: 268. 196; Santapau, Excerpt. Bot. A.7: 16. 196h;
W. T. Stearn, System. Assoc. Publ. 6: ah. 1964; Thwaites & Hook. f., Enum, Pl. Zeyl., pr. 2, 21. 1964; Moldenke in Shreve & Wig- gins, Veg. & Fl. Son. Des. 2: 1255--1256. 196; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 11: 6 (1964) and 12: 3, 5, & 9. 1965; Angely, Fl. Anal. Paran., ed. 1, 577. 1965; F. A. Barkley, List Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 75, 146, & 158. 1965; Gooding, Loveless, & Proctor, Fl. Barbados 383, 355-356, & 466. 1965; Liogier, Rhodora 67: 349--350. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 12: 6. 1965; Rambo, Pesquis. Bot. 21: 13, 14, & [59]. 1965; Airy-Shaw in J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 150, 163, 664, & 896. 1966; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 2, 8 & hh9, fig. 256 C & D. 1966; Hirata, Host Range & Ge- ogr. Distrib. Powd. Mild. 276. 1966; Jafri, Fl. Karachi 286 & 287, fig. 282. 1966; Jiménez, Supl. Cat. Fl. Doming. 1: 210. 1966; J. K. Maheshwari, Dllustr. Fl. Delhi 172. 1966; Rzedowski & McVaugh, Contrib. Univ. Mich. Herb. 9: 107. 1966; W. T. Stearn, Botan. Latin 292 & 297. 1966; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.ll: 503. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 2, 3, & 16. 1967; Puig, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 103: 309. 1967; Sladkov, Introd. Sporo- poll. Analys. 1967; Burlage, Ind. Pl. Tex. 182 & 193. 1968; Mol- denke, Biol, Abstr. 9: 1199. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 5, 16, & 28 (1968) and 17: 8. 1968; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 1: xii & 8. 1969; Anon., Torr. Bot. Club Ind. Am. Bot. Lit. 3: 30) & 309. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Mayvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl. 714. 1969; M. Martinez, Pl. Med. Mex., ed. 5, 505. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 50). 1969; A. L. Woldenke, Phytologia 18: 113—11). 1969; Quezel, Fl. & Veg. Plat. Darfur [Doss. 5 Rscherch. Coop. Prog. 5:] 131. 1969; Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 3 (2): 362 & 366. 1969; Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. 1, 325 & 326. 1969; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 2: xxx. 1970; Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex. [Contrib. Tex. Res. Found, Bot. 6:] 1807 & 1871. 1970; E1- Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69: 457, 469, 71, 473, 477, 183, & 485. 1970; Gibson, Fieldiana Bot. 2f, (9): 168 & 179-182, fig. 33. 1970; Moldenke in Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex. {Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 1313 & 1335-1336. 1970; Ober- winkler, Pterid. & Sperm. Venez. 12 & 78. 1970; Reitz, Sellowia 22: 22. 19703 Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. (3): 542 & 765. 1970; Soukup, Raymondiana 3: 26 & 43. 1970; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fito- geogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, : iii, 826, & 836—837, map 1388. 1971; Bews in Kyre, World Veget. Types 161. 1971; Dwyer, Raymond- iana : 70. 19713 Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 3, 48.
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea fal
1971; Moldenke in Wiggins & Porter, Fl. Gald4p. Isls. 500. 1971; Wiggins & Porter, Fl. Galfp. Isls. 980. 1971; C. D. Adams, Flow. Pl, Jam. 626, 631, & 804. 1972; Anon., Biol. Abstr. Sy (yj: B. A. S. I. C. 5.33. 19723 Cuf., Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 2 (3): Suppl. [Emum. Pl. Aethiop.] 1629. 1972; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 5): 1725. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 210, 414, 416, 425, & 50k. 1972; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 318. 1972; J. Mukherjee, Trans. Bose Res. Inst. Calcutta 35: 37--y. 1972; Rouleau, Taxon Index Vol. 1—20 part 1: 5) & 379. 1972; Stafleu, Internat. Code Bot. Nom. 73, 354, & 380. 1972; R. R. Stewart in Nair & Ali, Fl. West Pakist. 605. 1972; Thanikaimoni, Inst. Frang. Pond. Trav. Sect. Scient. & Techn. 12 (1): 35. 19723 Whipple, Journ. Elisha Mitch. Sci. Soc. 88: [1], 9, & 13. 1972; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): 9 & 62}--63. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 236 & 50h (1973) and 26: 500. 1973; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 57 (12): B.A.S.1.C. E.3h. 1974; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 23: 290. 197k; "H. Ro", Biol. Abstr. 57: 6940. 197; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 507. 1974; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 296, 301, 302, 305, 348-350, 08, 411, & 412, fig. 13. 197).
Airy-Shaw (1966) avers that the Buchia D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 3: 370--371 (183) is a synonym of Bouchea Cham. In this disposition he is obviously following Jackson in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 349 (1893). However, it appears evident that the Buchia attributed to Dietrich is identical with the Buchia H.B.K. (1517) referred to by Dietrich and which Jackson on the same page of his work reduces to synonymy under Perama Aubl. in the Rubiaceae.
The description is "Cal. bipartitus, laciniis acuminatis carina- to-concavis. Cor. basi extus pilis seriatis cincta infundibuli- formis h-partita. Ovarium depresso-globosum. Stigma 3-partitum laciniis capillaribus. Fructus 3-cuspidatus 3-locularis." It seems unquestionable that both names belong in the synonymy of Perama, not Bouchea.
Barkley (1965) lists Denisia among the valid genera of Verbena- cease, although he also correctly lists it among the synonyms of Bouchea, where, in my opinion, it belongs. Chascamm E,. Mey, often listed in the synonymy of Bouchea, is a valid separate genus and Pleurostigma Hochst. and Plexipus Raf. belong in its synonymy.
According to Rickett & Stafleu (1960), the generic name Bouchea has been conserved under the International Code of Botanical Nomen- clature as follows: "f 7148. Bouchea Chamisso, Linnaea 7: 252. 1832", typified by B. pseudogervao (A. Saint-Hilaire) Chamisso (Verbena pseudogervao A. Saint-Hilaire) (typ. cons.)."
Nair & Rehman (1962) say that "It is known that in Bouchea, there are either 3}-porate or 3-colpate grains on which basis the genus could be divided into two groups (Erdtman, 195). But the Indian species of Bouchea have shown a 3-colporate condition as different from earlier reports." Actually, there are no true members of the genus Bouchea native to India — the plants referred to by Nair & Rehmann are probably Chascanum marrubiifolium Fenzl and
2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 1
Svensonia hyderobadensis (Walp.) Moldenke, and I am not at all surprised to learn that the pollen grains are distinct.
The late Dr. Gunnar Erdtman, in a letter to me dated December 21, 1972, says "I am writing a short critical note on the (very abundant?) occurrence of Bouchea (maybe several species) similar to or, amazingly enough, almost identical with recent taxa in Late Cretaceous deposits in northeastern Brazil. Can you possibly drop me a line on your opinion in this matter? I consider my opinion (i.e. the determination of the fossil remains) as perfectly safe. What about paleoecology? What about connections betw. America, Africa, Madagascar and India? (Bouchea & Chascammm)." In a fol- lowing letter, received by me on | January 20, 1973, he says "Thank you so very much indeed for your very kind and prompt answer to my letter of December 21st. Bouchea seems to be a very interesting genus for several reasons and I would like to have a young paly- nologist making a detailed study of it before the publication of any data on its eee history. 5B. linifolia, prismatica, pseudogervao, rusbyi etc. seem to be eo particularly interesting."
It should be noted here that Merrill (199) and Airy Shaw (1966) erroneously reduce the genus Lomake Raf. to synonymy un-
der Stachytarpheta Vahl -- it definitely belongs in the synonymy of Bouchea.
Soukup (1963) records the vernacular name "pacunga" as applied to a species of Bouchea in Peru [probably B. fluminensis (Vell.) Moldenke}.
The Angely (1971) work referred to in the above bibliography bears the date "1970" on its title-page, but was not actually published until 1971. It is also worth noting here that the Schauer (187) reference from Linnaea was published in August of 1847, while his generally quoted work in De Candolle's Prodranus did not appear until November 26 of that year. The Index Kewensis uses the latter work as the original place of publication of the several new binamials published by Schauer in the Linnaea work.
I am informed that this will be corrected in the next Index Kew- ensis Supplement.
Gibson (1970) makes the curious statement of the genus Bouchea: "Ten species, one in Abyssinia, the others found in tropical America", She does not indicate what the Abyssinian species is. Actually the genus is confined entirely to the New World. The Ethiopian species which formerly were placed in Bouchea are now regarded as Chascanum (, species) and Svensonia (2 species). She lists only B. nelsonii, B. prismatica, B. prismatica var. brevi- rostra, and B B. “prismatica - var. longirostra from Central America. Standley (1938) says "The genus Bouchea is represented in Central America, and perhaps in Costa Rica." Seven species and varieties occur in Mexico; the only one known to me from Costa Rica is B. nelsonii. Sanchez Sanchez (1969) says "Este género comprende _ unas 17 especies en América tropical y subtropical" — actually 16 species and 7 named varieties and forms are now recognized. Martinez (1969) notes for an unidentified species from Veracruz
197k Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea 43
the following information: "Bouchea sp. Tierra Blanca, Ver. EL cocimiento de las hojas se usa contra la diarrea." Tharp (1939) comments that some unidentified members of this genus in Texas [there are 3 in the state] are found "in mesquite chaparral and sotol-lechuguilla regions."
The "Bouchea sp." recorded by Robinson & Greenman (1895) is actually Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl. The Breedlove 10268, distributed as Bouchea sp., is actually Ghinia curassavica (L.) Millsp., Stuessey 1031 is Priva grandiflora (Ort.) Moldenke, and C. C. Albers 62122 is not verbenaceous.
BOUCHEA AGRESTIS Schau.
Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 327 (1893), pr. 2, 1: 327 (1946), and pr. 3, 1: 327. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 36. 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 3. 1965; Moidenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 147 & 399 (1971) and 2: 768 & 850. 1971.
Two cotype specimens, Blanchet 3731 and 3907, deposited in the herbarium of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at Geneva, were photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number
Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Blanchet 3731 [Macbride photos 7851, in part] (E—13933--cotype, W—photo of cotype), 3907 (Macbride photos 7851, in part] (W--photo of co- type). Maranhfo: Eiten & Eiten ))15 (N).
BOUCHEA BOLIVIANA (Kuntze) Moldenke
Additional synonymy: Bouchea pseudogervao f. pilosa Herzog a- pud R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 15h: 169, in syn. 1958. Bouchea boliviana Mold. ex Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 350. 197).
Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 39. 1938; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 569. 191; Moldenke, Phytologia : 88—{89. 1954; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18): 169. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 113, 123, 239, 37, 356, & 43. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Sum, 1: 181, 195, & 00 (1971) and 2: 628, 66, & 850. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: ll & 953. 1974; Troncoso, Darwiniana 1b: 350. 197.
Recent collectors describe this plant as herbaceous, 1 m. tall, frequent in wet soil "en seja de monte", and have found it growing at 00 m. altitude, blooming in March. The corollas on R. F. Steinbach 789 are described as having been "violet" in color when fresh.
Troncoso (1974) cites Burkart & al. s.n. [Ledesma; Herb. Inst. Darwinion 152hh} from Jujuy and Rodrfguez 17) from Salta, Argen- tina, in the Darwinion herbarium. a:
Additional & emended citations: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: R. Gi Steinbach 789 (N, S, W—2533570, Ws). Tarija: Pflanz 2037 (W— 1234317) .
hh P Hey 20) EO 'G2r sk Vol. 29, no. 1
BOUCHEA BOYACANA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 36 (1961) and 13: 22. 1966; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.l1: 503. 1967; Molden- ke, Biol. Abstr. ho: 4199. 1968; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 115 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 43h. 197).
BOUCHEA BOYACANA var. GLABRATA Moldenke
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 22. 1966; Hocking, Ex- cerpt. Bot. A.11: 503. 1967; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 9: 199. 1968; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 139 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971.
Material of this taxon has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as B. fluminensis (Vell.) Moldenke.
Citations: PERU: Piura: Hutchison & Wright 6592 (W--2h67554——
isotype, Z—type).
BOUCHEA CHASCANOIDES Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 36. 1961; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 1:7 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971.
BOUCHEA CIPOENSIS Moldenke
Synonymy: Bouchea cipoensis Moldenke ex Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. Minas 149. 1960.
Additional bibliography: Renn6, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. Minas 19. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 346—3l7. 1961; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 147 & 399 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971.
BOUCHEA DISSECTA S. Wats.
Additional synonymy: Bouchea dessecta S. Wats. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 453, in syn. 197k.
Additional & emended bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 61 (1921) and pr. 2, 61. 191; Moldenke, Phyto- logia h: 489—l90. 195); Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 61. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 3h, 238, 239, & hl3. 1959; Molden- ke in Shreve & Wiggins, Veg. & Fl. Son. Des. 2: 1256. 1963 Lang- man, Select. Guide Lit. Flow. Pl. Mex. 335. 196h3; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 67, 399, & 00 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 28: 453. 197).
In Shreve & Wiggins (196l,) the distribution of this species is given as "In shade on llanos, in pebbly, slightly red soil and fields, and on rocky ridges, ledges, and hill slopes, Lower Sonoran to Tropical Zones, central Sonora to Guerrero". Gentry found it on an open slope with turf grass and thin arid soil in the Lowland Forest Area, at 1500 feet altitude, and notes "the corollas falling before midday". Other recent collectors have found the species in fields, on dry llanos, on hillsides with dense shrubs and woods, and "occasional" on wooded bluffs with Cordia, Acacia, and Lysiloma tergemina.
The corollas are described as having been "pink" on Hinton 6492, 12019, & 1211), "bright pink" on H. S. Gentry 6133, "laven- der-pink" on Dieterle 317, and "purple" on McVaugh 17993. The plant has been found in fruit in September. Hinton, on the label
197) Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea hs
of his no. 6492, says of it "very rare; a new record".
Still other recent collectors have encountered B. dissecta in fields and on forested slopes with Bursera, Pseudobombax, Ipomoea, and Guazuma, while Dieterle refers to it as an "occasional herb in the shade of shrubs in cultivated land with remnants of thorn forest and areas of old lava flows",
Additional & emended citations: MEXICO: Guerrero: Hinton & al. 6492 (Ld, Se—103)32, Tu--112028). Michoac4én: Dieterle 1317 (Mi); Hinton & al. 12019 (Id, Se—103433, Tu--112029), 12062 (Mi, S), 1211) (Id, Mi, Se—10331, Tu—112030); McVaugh 17993 (Mi). Sinaloa: T. S. Brandegee s.n. [Culiacan] ees, W—87 3656) ; Breedlove & Thorne 17986 (Gg--532706); H. S. Gentry 6133 (Du—
319742, Tu—12h391); J. Gonzalez Ortega 621 (W—1083758), 681
mer 185 (W-—305276); Waterfall 12757 (St, Z). Sonora: M. E. Jones 22361 (E—-969938); Edw. Palmer 259 (W—l6708—isotype), B (W—208736); I. L. Wiggins 7292 (Ca—665313, Ld, Se—168355, Tu— 98,86) .
BOUCHEA FLABELLIFORMIS M. E. Jones Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 39. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia : 90. 1954; Moldenke, Résumé 3h & 4h3. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 67 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971. Emended citations: MEXICO: Baja California: M. E. Jones 2739 (E--103h293—isotype, F—721365—isotype). Ieee as y
BOUCHEA FLUMINENSIS (Vell.) Moldenke
Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena fluminensis Arrab. ex Steud., Nom, Bot., ed. 2, 750. 1841. Verbena pseudo-gervao A. St.-Hil. ex Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 750, in syn. 181. Bouchea pseudogervaé Cham. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1179. 1895. Bouchea pseudogervao Cham. ex M. Kunz, Anatom. Untersuch. Verb. LO. 1911. Verbena fluminensis (Vell.) Moldenke, Résum$ Suppl. 16: 28, in syn. 1968. Bouchea fluminensis Vell. ex Moldenke, Fifth Sum, 1: 399, in syn. 1971. Bouchea fluminensis Mold. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 236, in syn. 1973.
Additional & emended bibliography: Cham., Linnaea 7: 252--25). 1832; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 750. 1841; Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1, 3: [Rev. Verbénac.] 237. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 327 (1893) and pr. 1, 2: 1179. 1895; T. Peck- olt, Bericht. Deutsch. Pharm. Gesell. 14: 466. 190); M. Kunz, An- atom. Untersuch. Verb. 40. 1911; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 54 (1): 1170 [366]. 1932; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 176. 1940; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 327 (1946) and pr. 2, 2: 1179. 1946; Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard., ed. 1, 1: 302. 19513; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 1, 48. 19523 Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard., ed. 2, 1: 302. 1956; Rambo, Sellowia 7: 207. 1956; Angely, Fl.
46 P BeYoTsO ByOcG2T A Vol. 29, no. 1
Paran. 7: 11. 1957; Schnack & Fehleisen, Darwiniana 11: 2)5--255. 1957; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Nos. 1: vi & 53. 1958; R. C. Fos- ter, Contrib, Gray Herb. 18): 169. 19538; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 327 (1960) and pr. 3, 2: 1179. 1960; J. F. Macbr., Field Mus, Publ. Bot. 13 (5): 656—657. 1960; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. Minas 149. 1960; Rambo, Pesquis. Bot. hs 18 (1960) and 12: 21. 19613 Angely, Fl. Paran. 17: 6. 1961; Soukup, Biota : 12). 1962; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 535. 1963; Angely, Bibl. Veg. Paran. 195. 1964; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 11: 6 (1964) and 12: 3& 5. 1965; Angely, Fl. Anal. Paran., ed. 1, 577. 1965; Rambo, Pesquis. Bot. 21: 13--14 & [59]. 1965; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 2, 48. 19663; Moldenke, Résumé Sup- pl. 16: 28. 1968; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 1: xli. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chron. Numb. Flow. Pl. 714. 1969; Reitz, Sellowia 22: 22. 1970; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, : 837, iii, & xix, map 1388. 1971; Dwyer, Raymondiana : 70. 1971; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 3, 8. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 135, 139, 147, 181, 188, 195, 355, & 399—-HOl (1971) and 2: 628-631, 668, 680, 691, 768, & 850. 1971; Rouleau, Taxon Index Vol. 1-20 part 1: 54 & 379. 1972; Stafleu, Internat. Code Bot. Nom. 35h. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: hos (1972) and 25: 236. 1973; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 348—350, 11, & 12, fig. 12. 197k.
aang illustrations: Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 39, fig. 12. 197.
Recent collectors describe this plant as an herb, subshrub, or open irregularly branched shrub, 1—1.5 m,. tall, the leaves grayish-green, glabrous, and soft, the flowers slightly zygomor- phic, and found it growing in open places, gallery forests, cap- oeira at the edge of streams, partial shade on wooded calcareous outcrops, and in semi-arid cactus-Acacia forests, at altitudes of 800-1200 m., flowering in March and from May to December, and fruiting in March, May, and October.
Hatschbach describes the species as "ruderal", while Macbride (1960) actually makes the amazing statement that "Too many collec- tions have been made of this weedy plant". Actually, not inten- sive enough collecting of it has been done as yet in order to de- termine more accurately the distribution of its several names (and perhaps other as yet unnamed) subspecific taxa. Macbride also notes that correspondence between Saint-Hilaire and Kunth, from which I have quoted in a previous work (190), "shows, in- terestingly, that the observing and extremely able French botan- ist [Saint-Hilaire] was deterred by his friend [Kunth] from pro- posing a new genus based on his V[erbena] pseudogervao, six years before Chamisso's segregation was published." Stafleu (1972) in- forms us that Bouchea pseudogervao (A. St.-Hil.) Cham. is the conserved type ["type cons."] for the gemus Bouchea,
The corollas are described as having been "blue" on Hatschbach 32635 and Sehnem 071, "purple" on Woytkowski 5801, "blue to purple" on Ferreyra 17429, "lilac" on Krapovickas, Cristébal, & Marufiak 15775, "violet" on Hatschbach Bee. Wpale rosy—Lavender"
197 Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea 7
on Irwin, Maxwell, & Wasshausen 21013, and "light-violet, the tube paler" o on Irwin, | Souza, Grear, & Reis dos Santos 15702, while on Madison 1047-70 it is stated that the calyx was Wlight-green, corolla-tube white, the lobes lavender, the anthers bright-yellow!?
Erdtman (1966) has examined the pollen of Widgren 34), from Brazil and describes the grains as more or less like those seen in B. prismatica (L.) Kuntze, but slightly smaller, being 121 m x 77 mu in dimensions. Soukup (1962) records the vernacular names "pacunga" and "pacungua" for B, fluminensis in Peru. Cave (1958) reports the haploid chromosome number as 20. Peckolt (190h) says "In den Staaten vom Xquator bis zur siidlichen Tropenzone be- kannt als GervaS de folha grande — Groszblatteriger G[ervad]. Diese Pflanze wird als Ersatz der folgenden [Stachytarpheta di- chotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl] genommen, doch nicht so geschatzt,"
A ~— A cotype specimen of Verbena pseudogervao, A. Saint-Hilaire 497, was photographed in the | the herbarium of the Botanischer Garten und Museum at Berlin by Macbride as his type photograph number 17583, but is now destroyed, and a specimen of Reineck s.n. in the same herbarium is his type photograph number 1760) [although it is not a type number of anything] and is also now destroyed.
Chittenden (1956) describes B. fluminensis as an "Evergreen perennial. Stems l-angled, 2 to 5 ft. hligh]", the leaves "ovate or elliptic-ovate, slender-pointed, toothed", the flowers [corol- las] "purplish with white throat, in terminal spikes, 6 to 10 in. long, slender", flowering in September [in England]. He says that it was introduced into cultivation in England from Brazil in 187 and should be grown there in the "Stove". "A well-drained compost or loam and sandy peat suits them. Propagated by cut- tings taken in spring, placed in sand under a hand-glass in gentle heat." The Ledingham 39, cultivated in Argentina, is said to have come originally from Misiones.
Rambo (1965) cites the following Herb. Anchieta numbers, all collected by himself except where otherwise noted: 1135, 27h9, 9496, 30646, 35480 [Henz s.n.}, 37900, 38378, 42k31, 42763, 12903, 42950, 43792, 44756, 47069 17761 (Sepnen 4056], 47762 [Sehnem Loi}, 17763 [Sehnem 38197, L873u, 48093, L9118, 50473 (Sehnem 1,056], and 52259 [Spies s.n.] from Rio Grande do Sul, 30453 TReitz 995] and 320 ‘32076 from Santa Catarina, and 39821 [Hatschbach TUS) and 53477 from Paran4, Brazil. The 47761 [Sehnem 1,056], however, has been examined by me and proves es actually t to be f. albiflora Moldenke.
Macbride (1960) cites from Peru: Cuzco: Diehl 229, Soukup 800. Junin: Killip & Smith 26625, Klug 2839, Macbride 530}. San Mar— tin: Goodspeed 3500) & 25103, Klug 3904 “390l, & 1,206, Ll. Williams 5169, 5561, & 5808, Woytkows 3500). He records the vernacular names “pacunga" an and "pakungua a and and gives the extra-limital distribution of the species as ey cen and Brazil",
Troncoso (1974) cites Rojas s.n. [Puerto Aguirre; Herb. Osten
48 PHYTO LO'GT A Vol. 29, no. 1
807] and Schnack s.n. [Iguazi; Herb. Inst. Darwin. 19855] from Misiones, Argentina, the former deposited in the herbarium of the Museo de Historia Natural in Montevideo and the latter in the Darwinion herbarium, and Ule 3886 from Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the Hamburg herbarium.
Dwyer (1971) cites Woytkowski 5728 from Cajamarca, Peru, 5801 from Junin, and 7152 from San Martin. oe
Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as B. ehrenbergii Cham. and as something in the Acanthaceae or Gesneriaceae. On the other hand, the Hutchison & Wright 6592, distributed as B. fluminensis, is actually the type collection of B. boyacana var. glabrata Moldenke, while Eggers 1618 is Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl.
Additional & emended citations: ECUADOR: Manabi: Anthony & Tate 87 (W—-1192177). PERU: Cajamarca: Woytkowski 5728 (W—2397000). Cuzco: Diehl 2429 (F—630092). Junin: Killip & Smith 23397 (W— 1358097), 25023 (W—1359316), 26625 (W—160505); Macbride 5304 (F--536329, W—1515778); M. T. Madison 1047-70 (F—-172600h); _ Woytkowski 5801 (W—23970)0). Loreto: Klug 2839 (W—1065h12); Spruce 1528 (V--29)397). San Martin: Ferreyra 1729 (W--2552872); Klug 390 (E—110)925); Ll. Williams 5469 (F--626650), 5561 (F— 623226), 5808 (F-62686, W--1)96555). BRAZIL: Acre: Ule 9725 (Ut—-l920), W--161522)). Distrito Federal: Irwin, Maxwell, & Wasshausen 21013 (ld). Goids: Irwin, Souza, Grear, & Reis dos Santos 15702 (Ac). Guanabara: N. Santos 5u25 (Ja). Minas Gerais: Mexia 5268 (Au--120850, F--866392, Go, Mi); Regnell 1.340 [1856] (W—20965h); A. Saint-Hilaire 947 [Macbride photos 17583] (E— 663062-—photo, E--91]102--photo, N—-photo, W--photo); Widgren s. n. (Caldas, 13/)/18)6] (W—1323026). Parand: Dusén 7567 (W— 1181823), 950 (D--683010, E—1035819, F—668)16, W—1}8182h) ; Hatschbach 26162 (1d), 32635 (Ld). Rio de Janeiro: Aguillar s.n. [Estac&o Experimental, 2 Nov. 1922] (Ja—}5980, Ja); A. Lutz 23668 (F—656559). Rio Grande do Sul: Leite 2025 (G); Rambo Herb. Anchieta 18893 (W—20)7022), 19118 (Du—376556, Go); Rei- neck s.n. [Macbride photos 1760] (W—photo); Sehnem 1071 [Herb. Anchieta 7762] (B). Santa Catarina: Reitz & Klein 2626 (Ww— 2340820). BOLIVIA: El Beni: H. H. Rusby 915 (Du—382293, E— 118620, V-—-928, W—32698, W—1323027). La Paz: Krukoff 1061 (W—-177816)). ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Pedersen 2914 (W—2263157). Misiones: Krapovickas, Cristébal, & Maruffak 15778 (Id). CULTI- VATED: Argentina: Ledingham 11,39 (N).
BOUCHEA FLUMINENSIS f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 273. 1962; Moldenke, Bi- ol. Abstr. 39: 61). 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 4: 5. 1962; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 535. 1963; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 147 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971.
197k Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea 9
Citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Sehnem 056 [Herb. Anch- ieta 7761] (B--type).
BOUCHEA FLUMINENSIS var. PILOSA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Angely, Fl. Paran. 7: 11 (1957) and 17: 46. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 38. 1961; Angely, Bibl. Veg. Paran. 195. 196; Angely, Fl. Anal. Paran., ed. 1, 577. 1965; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 147 & 195 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in forests, woods, and pastures, at 200--300 m. altitude, flowering in May, October, and December, and fruiting in December. They describe it as a .subshrub, 70 cm. tall. The corollas are said to have been "lilac" in color when fresh on Hatschbach 29683 and this collection was made on the banks of an "“areia”,
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Hatschbach 29683 (Ld). Santa Catarina: Smith & Klein 14100 (N, Z); Smith & Reitz 12670 (W—~21,51606) .
BOUCHEA INOPINATA Moldenke
Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 39. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia : 93--l:9h. 1954; Moldenke, Résumé 87 & 43. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 147 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971.
The type specimen, Schiich s.n., in the herbarium of the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 3})325.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: State undetermined: Schuch s.n. [Macbride photos 3325] (W--photo of type).
BOUCHEA LINIFOLIA A. Gray
Additional synonymy: Bouchea linitolia A. Gray ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 6: 0, in syn. 1963.
Additional & emended bibliography: A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am., ed. 1, 2 (1): 335 (1878) and ed. 2, 2 (1): 335. 1886; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 327 (1893) and pr. 2, 1: 327. 196; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 1, Lh8 & Lig, fig. 256 C. 1952; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 327. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 38 (1961) and 9: 165. 1963; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 6: 9. 1963; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 2, 448 & hh9, fig. 256 C. 1966; Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 3 (2): 366. 1969; Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex. (Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 1807. 1970; Moldenke in Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex. [Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 1336. 1970; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 3, 448 & HO, fig. 256 C. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 5h, 61, 67, & 400 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971.
Additional illustrations: Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 1, fig. 256 C (1952), ed. 2, fig. 256 C (1966), and ed. 3, fig. 256 C. 1971.
Recent collectors describe this plant as an erect shrub, 1--3 feet tall, or an "infrequent perennial", with large showy flowers,
50 Pro 0 L.O.G:Trk Vol. 29, no. 1
growing on limestone hills, in limestone crevices, on open, dry, rocky or dry calcareous hillsides, in small rocky canyons, and falong permanent streams of water", at 1100--3800 feet altitude, flowering in April and from June to October, and fruiting from June to October. Warnock & McBryde describe it as "infrequent" in Val Verde County, Texas, but R. M. Stewart asserts that it is "fairly common" or "common" in Coahuila, Mexico.
The corollas are described as having been "lavender" when fresh on Warnock 1333) and on Warnock & McBryde 15100, "purple" on R. M. Stewart 1611, and "magenta" on Johnston & | & Mueller 32.
Erdtman (1966) examined the pollen from Wynd & & Mueller 409 and describes the grains as —5-colpate, subprolate, and 76 mu x 65 mu in size.
The Sperry T.125 & T.563, distributed as B. linifolia, are ac- tually Verbena perennis Wooton,
Additional & emended citations: TEXAS: Brewster Co.: Havard s. n. [W. of Taelingra] (F--252020). Kinney Co.: Havard 1383 (E- a 11863h, F—-252147, W—-155945). Pecos Co.: Flyr 199 199 (Au—23532h) ; B. H. Warnock 1333 (Ld). Presidio Co.: Tharp 253 253 (Ca--882),36) Terrell Co.: B. H. Warnock 14001 (1d). Uvalde Co.: E. J. Palmer 13007 (Au, Ca—l25600, E—827557, Tu—69660). Val Verde Co.: G. G. L. Fisher )9109 (Ew); Schott s.n. [Emory 81] (W—l3500); B. H. Warnock 11170 (1d), 11289 (Ld); Warnock & McBryde 15100 (Au, Ld); C. Wright 49 (Ca—221687--cotype, W—l3509—cotype), 1509 (E— 118619--cotype, W—113510—cotype). MEXICO: Coahuila: Gould 10605 (Au—23639h); Johnston & Mueller 342 (Au--299425); E.G. Marsh 1383 (Au, St); Re M. Stewart 645 (Au—30129h), 1611 (Au—300789) ; Wynd & Mueller 109 (E—111)105, Mi, st).
BOUCHEA NELSONII Grenz.
Additional bibliography: Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 5h (1): 1170 [366]. 1932; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. Sh (2): 7h6+ 193k; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 348. 1961; Langman, Select. Guide Lit. Flow, Pl. Mex. 335 & 1010. 196); Moldenke, *Ré- sumé Suppl. 15: 3. 1967; Gibson, Fieldiana Bot. 2) (9): 179-181, fig. 33. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 67, 78, 87, & 400 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 1h & hi6. 1972.
Illustrations: Gibson, Fieldiana Bot. 2h (9): 181) fies: 1970.
Recent collectors describe this plant as herbaceous, 60 cm. tall, with flowers 1/l inch long, and have found it growing on Limestone hillsides, on road shoulders, in chaparral, on slopes, in matorral vegetation in canyons, and on wet alluvium at small streamsides, at altitudes of 1)—-1100 m. Tapia encountered it on "ladera granftica con vegetacién de bosque tropical decidua", while Ventura A. refers to it as "scarce" or "rare",
The corollas are described as having been "lavender" when fresh on R. M. King oT "pink" on Breedlove 6303 and Hinton 10862, “blue” on Laughlin 2617, "light-blue" on Pfeifer r 1613,
197k Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea 51
"purple" on Tapia s.n. and Ventura A. 2616, and "light red-violet" on Moldenke & Moldenke 2285.
King describes this species as "common", growing in open sun on clay-loam of flat grazed areas with the vegetation consisting mainly of cacti and leguminous shrubs. Gibson (1970) gives its distribution as "Brushy, rocky slopes or plains, 150—800 meters; Huehuetenango; Zacapa [Guatemala]. Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas) ; Honduras" and reports the vernacular name "verbena"
Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as B. prismatica (L.) Kuntze and as B. prismatica var. longirostra Grenz. On the other hand, the Horton | & Morrison 8854, distributed as B. nelsonii, is actually Be . prismatica var. longirostra Grenz.
Additional & emended citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Breedlove 6303 (Ac); Laughlin 2617 (W—2557095); Moldenke & Moldenke 2285 (Ld); E. W. Nelson 2867 (E--923400—photo of type, W--229331—type) . Guerrero: a & Hernandez Xolocotzi lil [E. J. Alexander 2122] (N, N, N, N); Hinton 10062 (Id, Se--12007h); Webster, Row- ell, & Bardey UIE "17718 8 (Au—123230). Oaxaca: E. J. Alexander 272 (N, N, Z)3 G. L. Fisher 35472 (E—1097034), s.n. (Tu—107930); Re M. King 877 “aa; Matuda 6119 (Ld); Orcutt 5268 (W—1266957); Tapia s.n. 86M. n. [25/1X/1965] (Ip). Veracruz: ruz: Ventura A. 2646 (Au— 303155, Mi, N). GUATEMALA: Zacapa: Kellerman 7932 (F--22)758, W— 21442732) , 3.n. [Zacapa, 1908] (W—2,2663); H. Pittier 1779 (Ww 578173). HONDURAS: Distrito Central: Pfeifer 1613 (W). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: A. R. Moldenke 1217 (Ac).
BOUCHEA NOTABILIS Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia ): 495. 195h; Moldenke, Résumé 65 & 3. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 115 (1971) and 2: 850. 1971.
BOUCHEA PRISMATICA (L.) Kuntze
Additional synonymy: Verbena americana media annua, ocymi folio lanuginoso, flore purpureo amplo Breyn., Prod. Fasc. Rar. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 104. 1686. ss americana annua, folio ocymi Breyn., Prod. Fasc. Rar. Pl., ed. 1, 2: Mba in syn. n. 1688. Ve Verbena scutellariae,
—
Hist. Ind, or. Suete atta Verbena Swe anaviae scutellariae foliis,
flore purpurascente Pluk., Phytogr. 1: pl. 70, fig. 1. 1691. Verbena minima chamaedryos folio Sloane, Cat. Pl. Ins. Jamaic. 6). 1696. Verbena americana media annua ocimi folio lanuginoso, flores
purpur eo amplo amplo Breyn. apud Moris., Pl. Hist. Univ. Oxon. 3: is ("408"]. 1699. Verbena curassavica scutellariae foliis, flore
purpurascente Herm. ex Moris., Pl. Hist. Univ. Oxon. 3: "138 ("08"), in syn. 1699. Verbena americana media annua, ocimifolio lanuginoso,
flore purpureo amplo Breyn. apud Ray, Hist. Plant. 3: Suppl. 285.
52 Po HeeT 0) EVOrG) PA Vol. 29, nosL
170,. Verbena scutellariae sive cassidae folio dispermos Pluk. apud Ray, Hist. Plant. 3: Suppl. 285, in syn. 170). Verbena scutellariae foliis dispermos americana Pluk. ex Herm., Cat. Plant. Nond. 13 & 15. 1905. Verbena americana media annua, ocymi folio
lanuginoso, flore purpureo amplo Breyn., Prod. 2: 10. 1739.
ee eee eS
eee ee ee
Nat. Hist. Jamaic., ed. 1, 116, in syn. 1755. Verbena scutellariae sive cassidae folio, &. Pluk. ex Sloane, Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaic., ed. 1, 116, in syn. 1755. Verbena diandra, spic. laxis, obtusis J. A. Murr. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 13, 62.177). Verbena diandra, spicis laxis, calycib. alternis prismaticis truncatis aristatis, fol. ovatis obtusis L. apud H. E. Richter, Cod. Bot. Linn. 35. 1835. Verbena minima, chamaedryos fol. Sloane apud H. E. Richter, Cod. Bot. Linn, 35, in syn. 1835. Verbena, scutellariae s. cassidae fol., dispermos americ. Pluk. apud H. E. Richter, Cod. Bot. Linn. 35, in syn. 1835. Verbena minima, chamaedr. fol. Sloane apud Peterm., Cod. Bot. Linn. Ind. Alph. 196, in syn. 180. Verbena scutellariae s. cassid. fol. etc. Pluk. apud Peterm., Cod. Bot. Linn. Ind. Alph. 196, in syn. 180. Stachytarpheta prismatica Vahl ex Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calc. 473. 1845. Bouchéa ehrenbergiana Cham. ex Schau., Linnaea 20: 78. 1847. Bouchea vrismatica Briq. ex Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 61, in syn. 1901. Bouchea prismatica Kuntze a- pud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 61, in syn. 1901. Callicarpa prismatica Robledo, Lecc. Bot. 2: 498. 1940. Verbena
eee ee ee
Fifth Summ. 23 Tits in Syne 1971.
Additional & emended bibliography: Breyn., Prod. Fasc. Rar. Pl. Secund. 10). 1689; Pluk., Phytogr. 1: pl. 70, fig. 1. 1691; Sloane, Cat. Pl. Ins. Jamaic. 6). 1696; Moris., Pl. Hist. Univ. Oxon. 3: 418 ["08"]. 1699; Ray, Hist. Plant. 3: Suppl. 285--286. 170k; Herm., Cat. Plant. Nond. 13 & 15. 1705; Breyn., Prod. Fasc. Rar. Pl. Prim. & Sec. 2: 10h. 1739; Sloane, Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaic., ed. 1, 115—116. 1755; Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 572. 1766; (Retz.}], Nom. Bot. 11. 1772; J. A. Murr. in L., Syst. Veg., ed.
13, 62. 177); Christm. & Panzer, Vollst. Pflanzensyst. Houttuyn
5: 121--122. 1779; Sloane, Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaic., ed. 2, 115— 116. 1789; J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: fl (1789) and pr. 2, 2: hl. 1796; Raeusch., Nom. Bot., ed. 3, 3. 1797; Balbis, Cat. Pl. Hort. Taur. 8. 180); Dum. Cours, Bot. Cult, ed. 2, 2: 62h. 1811; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 351. 1819; H. E. Richter, Cod. Bot. Linn. 35. 1835; Peterm., Cod. Bot. Linn. Ind. Alph. 196. 180; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 629 & 750. 1841; Voigt, Hort.
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea 53
Suburb. Calc. 473. 1845; Schau., Limnaea 20: 478. 187; Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1, 3: [Rev. Verbénac.] 237. 1863; Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cuba 21). 1866; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am., ed. 1, 2 (15: 33h. 1878; A. S. Hitchc., Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. : 117. 1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 327. 1893; Just, Bot. Jahresber. 23 (2): 76. 1897; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 61. 1901; M. Kunz, Anatom. Untersuch. Verb. 39. 1911; J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 533. 1912; Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: 79 [Abhandl, 2h]. 1912; Britton & P. Wils., Sci- ent. Surv. Porto Rico 6: 143. 1925; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahres- ber, 54 (1): 1160 [366]. 1932; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jah- resber. 54 (2): 746. 1934; Robledo, Lecc. Bot. 2: 498. 190; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 61. 1941; Savage, Cat. Linn, Herb. Lond. 4. 195; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 327. 1946; Selling, Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 38: 27h & 394. 1947; E. D. Merr., Ind. Raf. 20). 199; Kearney, List Cita- tions Place Publ. Spp. Ariz. Fl. 19 [thesis]. 1951; Erdtman, Pol- len Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 1, 8 & 449, fig. 256 D. 1952; Arnol- do, Zakfl. 125—126, 154, & 163, pl. 55, fig. 118. 195h; Vélez, Herb. Angiosp. Lesser Ant. 116. 1957; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 61. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 327. 1960; Howell & McClintock in Kearney & Peebles, Ariz. Fl., ed. 2, 730. 1960; Kevorkian, Phytopath. 3: 06. 1960; Kevorkian, Mycologia 52: 523—-52h. 1960; J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13 (5): 657. 19603; Kevorkian, Mycologia 53: 37--)38. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 348—39. 19613 Langman, Select. Guide Lit. Flow. Pl. Mex. 335. 196; C. M. Rowell, Sida 1: 268. 196; Gooding, Loveless, & Proctor, Fl. Barbados 355—356 & 1,66. 1965; Liogier, Rhodora 67: 349-350. 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 3 & 9. 1965; Ertdman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 2, UuB & bh9, fig. 256 D. 1966; Hirata, Host Range & Gepgr. Distrib. Powd. Mild. 276. 1966; Rzedowski & McVaugh, Contrib. Univ. Mich. Herb. 9: 107. 1966; Puig, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 103: 309. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 2 (1967) and 16: 5 & 28. 1968; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 113—11). 1969; Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 3 (2): 366. 1969; Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. 1, 326. 1969; Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex. [Con- trib. Tex. Res. Found, Bot. 6:] 1807. 1970; Gibson, Fieldiana Bot. 2h (9): 179, 180, & 182. 1970; Moldenke in Correll & Johnston, Man, Vasc. Pl. Tex. [Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 13%. 1970; Oberwinkler, Pterid. & Sperm. Venez. 12 & 78. 1970; Rick- ett, Wild Fls. U. S. (3): 543 & 765. 1970; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 3, 48. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 62, 67, 78, 82, 85, 93, 9h, 100, 102, 10h, 106, 108, 112, 113, 115, 122, 135, 1k7, 355, 398—hoO, 402, 416, & 475 (1971) and 2: 519, 568, 627, 631, 639, 646, 647, 651, 653, 665, 666, 68h, 691, 695, 696, 737, 790, & 851. 1971; C. D. Adams, Flow. Pl. Jam. 631, 797, & 846. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: lil. 1972; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 318. 1972; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): [62]—63, fig. 1-12. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 3h, 436, & 46h. 197k.
Additional illustrations: Pluk., Phytogr. 1: pl. 70, fig. 1.
5h PHYTO LO GIA Vol. 29, no. 1
1691; Erdtman, Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 39: 282, fig. 8. 1945; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. *& Pl. Tax., ed. 1, hh9, fig. 256 D. 1952; *arnoldo, Zakfl. pl. 55, fig. 118. 195k; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl, Tax., ed. 2, hho, fig. 256 D. 1966; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): [62], fig. 1—l. 1973.
Recent collectors describe this plant as an erect anmal herb or subshrub ["sufrutice"], unarmed, 15 cm. to 1m. tall, with zy- gomorphic flowers, the calyx green, the corolla easily detached, filaments white, anthers yellow, ovary and style light-green, and stigma darker green. Erdtman (1966) describes the pollen grains as 3-colporate, trans- and brevicolpate, the colpi not very dis- tinct, about mu x 27 mu in size, the ora more or less circular, diameter about 27 mu (margins included), prolate, 156 mu x 96 mu overall. He asserts that this is the longest axis of any pollen grains [which he has examined] in the Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, Stilbaceae, and Symphoremaceae, and that the grains of B. flumin- ensis are similar but slightly smaller.
The corollas are described as having been "lavender" when fresh on Laughlin 822 and Lundell & Lundell 7876, "violet" on Daniel 228) and Hutchison, “Idrobo, "& Wright 3085, “carmine" on Contreras as 1523, "lilac® on Arnoldo 1693, "purple" on H. Pittier 7887, “violet~blue" on pugand & & Jaramillo 332h, "blue" on Breed- love 10615 & 12080, R. Irving 196 196, and To Ton "1385, "lilac" on m Con- treras 3 3311 and Ro Romero C. 9797, , “pink” on on Fe A. Barkley 380431 38031,
“purplish-pink" on on Liogier 17637, "rose-violet" on Lépez-Palacios 3095, “lilac to clear purple" on Rufz-Teran & Lépez-Palacios 6197, "pale-green" on Liogier 17505, and "lavender above, white below" on Crosby, Hespenheide, & Anderson 132.
This plant has been found growing in vacant lots, waste places, airfield clearings, and low forests, on bottomlands with large forest trees, along roadsides, on wooded slopes, and, according to Crosby and his associates, "very common in waste areas on back of river bed" [in Jamaica], from sealevel to 1950 m. altitude, flow- ering in February ami from April to November, and fruiting in Ap- ril and from July to November. Matsumura (1912) asserts that it is cultivated in Japan,
Irving remarks that he found it to be frequent "in dense stands of Melampodium americanum", Ton found it on slopes with Heliocar- pus, Croton, and Erythrina along a small river and on grassy slopes with Quercus, and liogier says that it is "common in open places along roadsides in coastal thickets on limestone". The vernacular name, "wild vervine" [sic] is recorded for it in Jamai- ca and the names "shon Lena" and "yerba distatia" in Curacao.
Rickett (1969) describes the plant as "erect or rather spread- ing, not usually more than 16 inches tall. The paired leaves have slender stalks up to an inch long and mostly elliptic, blunt, toothed blades up to 11/2 inches long. The spikes terminate the’ stems and branches which rise from the axils. They are 2—6 inches
197 Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea oS
long, quite narrow, and many-flowered. The small corolla is funnel-shaped, from rose to blue and purple, and less than 1/2 inch long." He avers that it blooms from March to November "in fields and waste land from western Texas to Arizona; also in Kex- ico, South and Central America, and the West Indies". Raeuschel (1797) refers to it as a perennial. Macbride (1960) says that it "probably" extends into Peru from northern South America, but I have as yet seen no material of it from that country. He describes it as having the "calyx 5—9 (10) mm. long, the 2 cocci separating, about 7.5 mm. long, beak 1--1.5 (3) mm. long, dorsal surface often smooth, commissural often rough. Too many collections have been made of this weedy plant."
Gibson (1970) tells us that "Plants of this species usually wither when the rains end and are seldom seen during the dry months", Adams (1972) says "Rather local in the southern parish- es [of Jamaica], a weed of open ground in thin pastures on lime- stone and dry alluvial gravel; 20--1000 feet; fl. and fr. June-— Jan." and cites Adams 5511 & 5655, Harris 11792, and Powell 1020, giving its overall distribution as "S. United States, Mexico to northern S. Amer., Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Virgin Is., Antig- ua, Barbados."
Lépez-Palacios (1973) illustrates very well the seed character— istics of the typical form of B. prismatica as compared with those of var. brevirostra Grenz. and var. longirostra Grenz. He cites Miller & Johnston 205 from Margarita Island and notes that B.
prismatica and its var. longirostra "aparecen simult4neamente en varios estados {of Venezuela] y aun en el mismo lugar".
According to Savage (195) the Linnean Herbarium in London con- tains one specimen of this plant:
"35 VERBENA 3 Verbena ) prismatica [m. Sol.] Br. (Sm: ] Stachytarpheta prismatica Sm. in R. Cycl. n. 11" Here, according to his explanation, "Verbena" is in Solander's handwriting, “prismatica" in Linnaeus's, the Stachytarpheta citation in Smith's, and "Br" stands for Patrick Browne, the collector of the specimen in Jamaica,
Alma Moldenke (1969) lists some references in mycological lit- erature to fungi infesting Bouchea prismatica, notably Elsinoé boucheae Kevork., a spot anthracnose disease on the stems, leaf- blades, and petioles of this host. Hirata (1966) records Oidium verbenae on this host in Dominica and 0. sp. in Venezuela.
The type of Rafinesque's Lomake brachiata was collected in Cuba, but Merrill (199) is in error when he reduces it to syn- onymy under the genus Stachytarpheta Vahl.
A specimen of C. A. Ehrenberg 112, deposited in the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin, was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 17582, but is now destroyed.
It should be noted here that the Verbena curassavica scutellar- iae foliis, flore purpurascente accredited to William Sherard in
56 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 1
P. Hermann, Par. Bat. Prod. (1689) by Plukenet (1691) and Morison (1699) does not appear to occur in the New York Botanical Garden copy of that work. Sloane (1696) notes for his Verbena minima chamaedryos folio "Ad ripas fluvii Cobre dicti infra urbem St. Jago de las Vega repetitur". This locality is in Cuba, not Jam- aica. Crantz (1766) cites "SLOAN. iam. 63. hist. 1. p. 172. T. 107. F. 2" for this species and this citation is repeated by Schauer, but thus far I have been unable to locate or verify the existence of this illustration.
The Bouchea prismatica recorded by Gooding, Loveless, & Proctor (1965) from the Barbados Islands is most probably var. brevirostra Grenz. I have seen no material of typical B. prismatica from those islands, but have seen material of the variety from there. They cite Herb. Barb. Mus, 222 and Herb. Univ. W. Ind. 79.
Sloane (1755) calls this plant "The larger erect Vervine" [sic] and comments that "This plant has been commonly confounded with the following species [Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl], from which it is easily distinguished by its growth and appearance; it is commonly divided into a great number of branches, and generally rises from one to two feet, or more, above the root." This state- ment is well illustrated by the fact that his Verbena folio subrotundo serrato flore caeruleo has often been placed in the synonymy of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis by various authors, in-
cluding myself in my 1971 work! Material of Bouchea prismatica has been misidentified and dis-
tributed in some herbaria as Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers., Stachy- tarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl, S. straminea Moldenke, and S. sp., as Bouchea prismatica var. longirostra Grenz., and as Pluchea sp.
Grenz., Hitchcock & Stanford 6905 is Ghinia curassavica (L.) Mill- sp., and Cuatrecasas & Castafieda 2572 is Stachytarpheta angusti- folia f. elatior (Schrad.) Lépez—-Palacios.
Additional & emended citations: MEXICO: Aguas Calientes: Rose & Hay 6220 (W--396033). Chiapas: Breedlove 10615 (W—2h70262), 12080 (W—2h70267); Laughlin 822 (Ac); Ton 1075 (W—2556595), 1385 (N, W—2557238). Federal District: W. Schumann 232 [1885] (W--1323023), 232 [1887] (W—1323022). Guanajuato: Knobloch 1078 (Mi). Hidalgo: Purpus 85 (Ca—13882), W—-l)70290). Oaxaca: Ro- well, Webster, & Barkley 17M88 (Mi); H. H. Rusby 49 (W—57l555).
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea 57
Puebla: Rose & Hay 5949 (W—395740). Quintana R6o: G, F. Gaumer 1935, in part (F—58733). Veracruz: R. Irving 196 (Au—2h669)). Yucatén: Arrington & al. s.n, ([27.IX. 1964] (Ip); D Degener & Dege- ner 26761 (N), 26762 (N, W); G. F. Gaumer 1139 (D—659191, E— 954564, F. F—38519, V--10525, W—1269789), 1160 (F—385)0), 2305 (F—552310) ; Lundell & Lundell 7876 (Du-— 362752, Ld, N, Se—165626); Steere 1071 (F——668593), 2127 (F--668596). State endatersined:
Ce Ae Ehrenberg 112 [Macbride photos 17582] (F--663061, N—photo). GUATEMALA: El Petén: A a Hidalgo 166 (E—~1067875, F—-713087); Contreras 1523 (Id, Mi, S), 3311 (La, ds S); R. T. Ortiz 905 (N). HONDURAS: Copdn: as & Veles 0291 (Id) . CUBA:Las Villas: A. Gonzalez 447 (N). JAMAICA: Crosby, Hespenheide, & Anderson 132 (fi, N). HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Abbott 958 (W—1078766); B. Augusto 1208 (N); Eggers 1878 (W~—1323018); Faris 189 (W— 10h, » 199 (W--1048),7 j Liogier 17505 (x), 17637 (N); Raun- kiaer 1102 ~ (W—1110127) ; ficckiei 2532 (E—118633, V--1132, W#— 656068). Haiti: Ekman H.7072 (W—1304615); Harshberger 51 (W— 42676)). PUERTO RICO: Britton & Britton 9199 (W—109710) ; Britton & Wheeler 252 (W--87282); Goll 689 (W—}09232); A. A. Heller 6109 (D--500590, E—-118623, Ms—30912, W—l263)6); Sin- tenis 2117 (E~118626, V--70, W—l03386); Underwood & Griggs 585 (W—L05528). VIRGIN ISLANDS: St. Thomas: Eggers s.n. [Juli 1887) (W—1323202). LEEWARD ISLANDS: Antigua: Wullschlagel 35 (V— 88207). CURACAO: Rose & Rose 22012 (W--763,2h). NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICAN ISLANDS: Margarita: Gines 4031 (W—217)911); Miller & Johnston 205 (E--118625, W--53)020). COLOMBIA: Antioquia: F. A. Barkley 36C)31 (Ft—3948) ; Daniel 228) (Mi); F. W. Pennell 10825 (D--62 3263, 63, W--11)3079) ; Toro ro 32h (W—-13)28))3) « ~Atldntico: “Allen 7 (E—-1013896); Elias 1068 (F--680933). Bolivar: Dugand & Jara— millo 332 (W—18529h7), 3379 (W--1852979); Heriberto 51 (W— 1036845); Romero-Castafieda 97: 9797 (NM), 9981 (Ac). , Cauca: 7: Holton 505 (D—610666); H. Pittier 833 (W--53102h) . Magdalena: Allen 517 (E--10140). Valle del Cauca: Dryander 260 (W—16905)1) ; Hutchison, Idrobo, & Wright 3085 (Ac, N). VENEZUELA: Aragua: H. Pittier 3830 (W—6015],0), 5832 (W--601542). Barinas: Lépez- Palacios | 3095 (La). Federal District: Eggers 13069 (W—12345h)) ; E. Pittier 72 (W—1186939); H. Pittier 7887 (Mi), 9720 (w#— 1120755). Lar&: Birkart 16621 (Ve). Mérida: Lépez—Palacios 2564 (Ft); Rufz-Teran & Lépez—Palacios 6197 (N); Vareschi & Pannier 1546 (Ve—323]4). Tdchira: Steyermark & Velasco 100029 (1d). Trujillo: E. Reed 1068 (W—1693919). | State undetermined: Bold- ingh s.n. [coast] (Ut--1439)). CULTIVATED: Curacao: Arnoldo 1693 (#—2110533).
58 P BETO Lr OGRea Vol. 29, no. 1
BOUCHEA PRISMATICA var. BREVIROSTRA Grenz.
Additional synonymy: Bouchea prismatica brevirostra Grenz. ex Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex. [Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 1807, in syn. 1970.
Additional bibliography: Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 54 (1): 1170 [366]. 1932; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 5h (2): 746. 1934; Kearney, List Citations Place Publ. Spp. Ariz. Fl. 19 [thesis]. 1951; Howell & McClintock in Kearney & Peebles, Ariz. Fl., ed. 2, 730. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 349. 19613 Langman, Select. Guide Lit. Flow. Pl. Mex. 335. 1964; Moldenke in Shreve & Wiggins, Veg. & Fl. Son. Des. 2: 1256--1257. 196; Good- ing, Loveless, & Proctor, Fl. Barbados 355-356. 1965; Liogier, Rhodora 67: 350. 1965; Rzedowski & McVaugh, Contrib. Univ. Mich. Herb. 9: 107. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 2. 1967; Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. 1, 326. 1969; Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex. (Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 1807. 1970; Gibson, Fieldiana Bot. 2) (9): 179 & 180. 1970; Moldenke in Cor- rell & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex. (Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 1336. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth Sum, 1: 31, 54, 62, 67, 78, 84, 106, 109, 112, 115, 122, & OO (1971) and 2: 518, 571, 626, 628, 631, 665, 666, 736, 737, & 851. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 14. 1972; Lépez—-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): [62] & 63, fig. 9--12. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 43h. 197).
Illustrations: Grenz., Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: pl. 9, fig. 9— 12, & pl. 12, fig. 30. 1926; Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. 1, fig. 261-B. 1969; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): [62], fig. 9-12. 1973.
Recent collectors have found this plant growing in fields, llanos, wet or wet open meadows, grassland, deserts, clearings, roadside marshes, dry open roadsides, in moist gravel, granitic soil on cliffs of sandstone and soft granite, in black volcanic soil among boulders, on hills, limestone hills with Prosopis and Acacia, and gently sloping pastured hills, in secondgrowth bor- dering airfields and in moist draws, among Quercus emoryi and in matorral of Prosopis, Celtis, and Karwinskia, in pestizal on hillsides and volcanic soil on mountainsides, in vacant lots and grassy valleys, in moist soil or fairly moist sandy-loam soil, in moist gravel and in black soil of basaltic outcrops, often in the open sun, on cropped hillsides, steep rocky volcanic outcrops, wet stony hillsides with Acacia, banks of irrigation ditches, shrubby or gentle igneous west slopes, shrub-covered flats and silty flats in deserts, among grasses, along roadsides, on hill- tops, in cropped grassland, and among shrubbery in sandy barran- cas, at altitudes of 330--2)90 m., flowering and fruiting from April to October.
Ugent and his associates have found this plant in weedy bean fields with Solanum cardiophyllum var. endoiodandrum and S. ros- tratum, on north-facing steep dry grazed slopes under Acacia and
Opuntia with Castilleja and Solanum cardiophyllum, and at the
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea 59
base of adobe walls and along roadsides under scattered acacias in a grazed field with Solanum pinnatisectum. Howell & McClin- tock refer to it as "frequent _ in rich shaded ground along streams", Stuessy calls it "common", while Iltis and his associ- ates record it as "common in dense pure stands in wet open mead- ore Diaz Luna encountered it "in potrero with isolated Pinus ocarpa and P. michoacana", while Rzedowski collected it on air caliza con Weddteeitn de matorral bajo de Karwinskia y Condalia" and "ladera de roxa cristalina con vegetacién de mator- ral de Prosopis, Myrtillocactus, Agave, Opuntia y Eysenhardtia".
Contreras 8731 exhibits unusually large leaves, much like those normally seen in typical B. prismatica (L.) Kuntze.
Bouchea prismatica var. brevirostra is described by recent collectors as an erect herb, 50—60 cm. tall, although on the label of Waterfall 1638 it is stated that the plant may be "3-- feet tall". It is said to be branched, often smaller in stat- ure when growing among grasses. The corollas are described as having been "blue" on Breedlove 10615, 12080, & 1h)15, Stewart & Johnston 2105, and S. S. White | 2605, ‘wale Hidew Gn on Spivey pivey 17h, Wpurple-blue" on Feddema | 1627, "purple" on Hinton 12998, Laughlin 1105, J. Rzedowski 286, 1. 1318, & 16193, and Stuessy essy 1006, "lavender" o: on Harker & eit owen" 29 and Schery S.De, "pink" | on Hinton 13036 & 13968 a and Moore ‘& Wood 4229, "pink=purple" on Con- treras 5669, "rose" on J. Rzedowski 26h), "reddish" on H. Bar ae Moore Jr. 1508, "carmine-lilac" on Contreras 8731, "purple to pink, white at base of lower lip" on McVaugh 16633, "lavender with whitish throat" on Feddema 1736, and "purple to lavender or pinkish, lower lip white at center" on McVaugh 16313.
McVaugh refers to this variety as "abundant" in Jalisco and "abundant especially in disturbed ground" in Aguas Calientes; Stewart & Johnston found it to be "frequent" in Chihuahua, and Feddema says that it is a "common weed" in Jalisco and Morelos, but "not abundant" in Nayarit. JIltis and his associates found it growing in "wet open meadows in openings high up near top of cerro" in Jalisco. The Moldenkes refer to it as "abundant on road shoulders and grazed areas" in Oaxaca. The vernacular name, "shep-uén", has been recorded for it.
Sanchez Sanchez (1969) describes the variety as "Planta herbé- cea, que midi 20-—-35 cm de altura, con el tallo tetra-angulado, pubescente, poco ramoso. Hojas ovales, crenado-dentadas, espar— cidamente pilosas en ambas caras, que miden )--8 cm de largo, por 3—5 de ancho. Racimos terminales, de 8 cm o algo mds, con las flores pequefias, cortamente pedunculadas, subsésiles, bracteadas, con las corolas violdceas......Colectada los mesas de julio y agosto. Desierto de Los Leones, Caflada de Contreras.”
Lépez-Palacios (1973) illustrates very well the differences in the seeds of this variety as compared to those of the typical form and of var. longirostra Grenz. He cites Miller & Johnston 205a from Margarita Island and notes that this variety often grows
60 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, now. 1
together with the typical form in Mérida, Venezuela, and on Mar- garita Island.
The original description of Stachytarpheta laxiflora (regarded by me as a synonym of Bouchea prismatica var. brevirostra) is as follows: "(Tarphostachydes spicis elongatis). St caule fruticoso subtetragono tenuiter puberulo trichotomo, ramis dichotomis; foliis longiuscule petiolatis, basi parum attematis subrhomboi- beis, a medio ad apicem argute serratis, utrinque vix puberulis; spicis e dichotomiis nascentibus longissimis laxifloris; calycis dentibus ) setaceis bracteas oblongas aristatas fere duplo super- antibus. Corolla coerulea, tubo e calyce parum exserto. In prov. Pamplona Novae Granadae, prope San Jose de Cuente, alt. 200 hexap. Linden No 1380."
The Bouchea prismatica recorded by Gooding, Loveless, & Proc- tor (1965) from the Barbados Islands is more probably var. brevi- rostra, since I have not as yet seen any of the typical form from those islands. They cite Herb. Barb. Mus. 222 and Herb. Univ. W. Ind. 79. The latter is probably the the Barron 8. SNe [Bot. S$ Stat. Herb. Barbados 79] which I have cited in a previous Ss work as var. brevi- rostra.
Lomake brachiata Raf. is cited in the synonymy of this variety in Shreve & Wiggins (196), but on what basis is not clear to me, since the type came from Cuba and this variety is not known from that island. Dr. Barkley's surname is misspelled "Berkley" on the label of Barkley, Rowell, & Paxson 737 at Austin.
Material of this variety | Ben been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria under the names Bouchea prismatica (Jacq.) Kuntze, B. prismatica (L.) Kuntze, Phyla sp., Stachytarpheta sp., Valeri- anoides mutabilis (Jacq. ) Kuntze, Verbena sp., and even Escholtzia glabra | Benth.
Additional & emended citations: TEXAS: Val Verde Co.: C. Wright 1508 (W--)3511). ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Goodding 905 (Tu—96]L9h), 235-60 (Tu--151336); Peebles, Harrison, & Kearney - 3523 (W-- 1367918). Santa Cruz Co.: H Harrison 8168 y (W—1530787) 5 J. Kaiser 459 (Gg—373579, Tu—106950). MEXICO: Aguas Calientes: Hartweg_ 17 (V—29y1); R. McVaugh 16633 (Ip, Mi, N); J. Rzedowski 16193 (Ip, Mi). Chiapas: Breedlove 10615 (Ac, Ip), 12080 (Ld), 115 (Ac, N, Ws); Laughlin 1105 (Ld). Chihuahua: LeSueur Mex.91 1 (Ca— 712706) ; Pringle 325 (Ms—30913, V—-2513, W—-57336), 994 (Ca— 10499, B--118631); Shreve 9093 (Ca-—731836); Stewart & Johnston 2105 (Au—300682, G); Stuessy 1006 sy 1006 (Au—257715, , Bl—236060, Ws); Waterfall 12508 (St), 16113 (Ca); S.S. White 2325 (Mi), 281 (Mi), 2605 (Mi) (Mi). Colima: E Edw. Palmer 10h (Ww (W—31557) . Durango: Edw. Palmer 16 (Ca—138822, E E—118622, W--30,365); Shreve 9162 (Ca—731726). Federal District: Balls B.5212 (Ca--68)203); Ps Bopp 0. 215 (Ip); Bourgeau 545 (W—l3505); G. L. Fisher 327 (E— 914798, F—555003, W—-1207h12), 7480 (Ta—107688), sen. s.n. [Tlalpam,
197 Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea 61
Aug. 3, 192k] (Ws); E. Lyonnet 317 (W—1034197); J. Rzedowski 236 (Ip), 1348 (Au--2))1396, Ip); Schmitz s s.n. [Valle de Mejico) (Bm). Guanajuato: Furness s.n. (F-67638); S “Spi 174 (Ca--916735) ; Waterfall & Wallis Wallis 13003 prime tect St 13920 (St). Guerrero: R. Q. Abbott 309 (Ip FF; roves & Moldenke 2319 oe (ta) Hidalgo:
Harker & Mellowes 29 frp, iat , Ws); I Tltis, erties & Iltis s 823 ne Mi, Ws); R. McVaugh 16313 Qd, N); Edw. Palmer 261 (W—-1,3502) ; Tuttle 333 33 (Tu—187728); Waterfall 15622 (St). 1638 (Ca); Wein- traub | & Roller 118 (Mi). México: Berlandier 838 8 (V—1h4780); Hinton 1152 (Ld, Se—120051, Tu—112077); Paray 213 (Ip); Parra Ae A. 10 (Mi, N); Peflalosa 871 (Gg); J. Rzedowski 15845 (Ip). Mich- oacdén: Arséne 2857 (E—8],5039-—type, W—1003539—isotype), 3040 (E—8)5038, W—56668, W--100350), 889 (E--839731, W—-1003462) ; Hinton 12998 (la, Se—1200h7, Tu—112076), 13036 (Mi), 13968 (Id, Se—120069, | Tu—1120h2); Schery s.n. [near Morelia, July y lb, 191)
(Ws). Morelos: Feddema 1627 (Mi); Pipes 58 8 (Mi); J.R. Walther 61 (Mi). Nayarit: +: Feddema ma 595 (Ip, “Mi); Waterfall 16341 (Ca). Oaxaca: Johnston & Davis s.n. n. [June 28, 1947] (Au—278271); Lieb- mann 1118) (W—131503h) ; Moldenke & Moldenke 2313 (Ac); Purpus 3405 (Ca—138823, E--118612, W—1138); Rowell, Webster, & Barkley 17M,88 (Au--17005h) ; Seler & Seler 112 (W==1323017); U- ent, Ugent, & Flores C. 2625 (Ws) (Ws). Querétaro: Arséne 9997 (E—~
07, W—1003L0); Barkley, Rowell, & Paxson ET, 7 (Au—123232) ; Barkley, Webster, & Paxson 697 (Au—-1701h6, Mi Mi, Ws); Basile 98 (W—1268615) ; Rose, Painter, & Rose 9570 (W—-1153061) ; Waterfall 16533 (Ca). San Luis meepotonts “Par arry & & Palmer 716 (E—11862h, E—- 118632, W--57335); J. Rzedowski 3767 (Ip), 2644 (Ip). Sonora: Thurber 109) Lee Q EE Turner, Dodge, & Mason 2061 (Du—500k79, Tu——142270); S. S. White 263) (M (i), 3728 (Mi), O55 (Mi, Tu— 118661); Wiggins =i 55 (Tu—96488). Tamaulipas: “Stanford, Lauber, & Taylor 2302 (Se—1)7716). GUATEMALA: El Petén: Contreras 5669 (Au--25),130, Ld), 8731 (Id, Id). Huehuetenango: Seler & Seler 3072 (W--1205600). Santa Rosa: Heyde & Lux 2965 (W—L3508, W— 1323019). EL SALVADOR: Santa Ana: Calderén 2169 (W—126653h) . San Vicente: P. C. Standley 21620 (W—1137386). WINDWARD ISLANDS: Barbados: Barron s.n. [Barbados Bot. Stat. Herb. 79] (W—8)5525). COLOMBIA: Narifio: Lehmann B.T.687 (W--79L779). Norte de Santan- (ye) Linden 1380 (V—29h467). VE VENEZUELA: Aragua: Burkart 1691) Ve
62 P Hee 2-8 L:01Gera Vol. 29, no. 1
BOUCHEA PRISMATICA var. LACINIATA Grenz. .
Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres- ber. 54 (2): 746. 19343; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 349 (1961) and 9: 388 & 393. 196; Langman, Select. Guide Lit. Flow. Pl. Mex. 335. ee Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 67 & 399 (1971) and 2: 678, 679, & 851. 1971.
Emended citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: Ervendberg 102 (E--92590h --photo of type).
BOUCHEA PRISMATICA var. LONGIROSTRA Grenz. Additional synonymy: Veronica spicata jamaicana teucrii praten-
sis folio dispermos Pluk. apud Moris., Pl. Hist. Univ. Oxon. 3:
419, in syn. 1699. Verbena dispermos americana lignescens veroni- cae foliis Moris., Pl. Hist. Univ. Oxon. 3: 19. 1699.
Additional bibliography: Pluk., Phytogr. 2: pl. 321, fig. 1. 1691; Moris., Pl. Hist. Univ. Oxon. 3: 419. 1699; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 5), (1): 1170 [366]. 1932; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 54 (2): 746. 193h; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 34h9--350. 1961; Liogier, Rhodora 67: 349. 1965; Jiménez, Supl. Cat. Fl. Doming. 1: 210. 1966; Gibson, Fieldiana Bot. 2h (9): 179, 180, & 182. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 67, 81, 82, 93, 9h, 100, 102, 10h, 113, 115, & 122 (1971) and 2: 709 & 851. 1971; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 318. 1972; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): [62] & 63, fig. 5--8. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 436. 197h.
Illustrations: Pluk., Phytogr. 2: pl. 321, fig. 1. 1691; Lépez—Palacios, Reviet. Fac, Farm. Univ. Los Andes 9 (13): [62], Tigre 5--8. 19736
Recent collectors describe this plant as an annual herb, 0.5—-1 m. tall, with its leaves lighter green beneath. The corollas are described as having been "purple" on Mexia 107 and J. Rzedowski 18653, "pinkish-purple" on Holdridge 102, "pink" on Hinton 12050, "rose-pink" on H. E. Moore 4928, "delicate pale-lavender" on D. Powell 1020, "mauve" on Alston 54,38, and "lilac" on Romero-Castafi- eda 9797, while Rufz-Teran & Lépez-Palacios describe it as "flores de color lila a morado claro".
The plant has been found growing in dry soil, in poor dry soil on open hillsides, on dry hillsides with thin black soil over limestone outcrops, in deserts with water only in the rainy season, along roadsides and shaded roadsides, in tropical deciduous for- ests, and in tall stands with grass in sunny locations, at alti- tudes from sea-level to 700 feet, flowering in March and from August to November, fruiting in March and from August to November. Miss Mexia describes the plant as "common" in Sinaloa. Rzedowski encountered it on "ladera basAltica con vegetacién de bosque trop- ico deciduo".
Material of this variety has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria under the names B. prismatica (L.) Kuntze, B.
nelsonii Grenz., Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl, and S. jamaicensis L. On the other hand, the Dugand & Jaramillo
197k Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea 63
332 & 3379, distributed as this variety, are actually typical B. prismatica (L.) Kuntze, while Tapia s.n. [25/IX/1965] is a mixture with B. nelsonii Grenz.
Additional & emended citations: ALABAMA: Mobile Co.: C. T. Mohr 79 (W--1323021), s.n. (Mobile, 1883] (W--771823). MEXICO: Guer- rero: J. Rzedowski 18653 (Z). Hidalgo: H. E. Moore 4928 (Ba). Michoac4n: Hinton 12050 (Ld, Mi, Se—120050). Oaxaca: Nelson 1599 (W—-566032); Tapia s.n. [25/IX/1965] (Au—-256588). Sinaloa: J. Gonzalez Ortega 6051 (D—615075, W--1209723); Mexia 107 (Ca— 36735). Yucatd4n: Seler & Seler 3951 (F—-152h, F—689831, W-- 1323025). BRITISH HONDURAS: Gentle s.n. [C. L. Lundell 4,856] (F— 683507). HONDURAS: Amapala: Horton & Morrison 885) (Ca--6),3903) . CUBA: Camaguey: Shafer 2861 (W—697308). Havana: Baker & Wilson 52h (W--845219); A. S. Hitchcock s.n. [Santiago de las Vegas} (F-- 229957). Las Villas: Combs 15 (E—118627, F—-357965, W—1,11616) ; A. Gonzales 47 (Mi, S); C. Wright 3660 (W--43515). Province un- determined: Sagra 818 (P). JAMAICA: R. C. Alexander s.n. [Kings- ton] (W--108363); W. Harris 11792 (E--792611--type, W—790854— isotype); A. S. Hitchcock s.n. [Kingston streets] (E--118628, F— 228168), sn. [Port Royal] (E—118630); H. A. Lang 594 (D—551667)5 Maxon & Killip 314 (W--106010); D. Powell 1020 (Mi); Yuncker 17366 (Mi). HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Valeur 217 (W— 11677). Haiti: Eyerdam 29 (W—1303137); Holdridge 1042 (Au— 189215, Ca—913159, Mi); E. C. Leonard 2852 (W—1075098), 2981 (w— 1075228), 4183 (W—1076607), 5219 (W--1077822), 9801 (W—13008}6) ; Leonard & Leonard 12087 (W--1)450937). PUERTO RICO: Britton, Cow- ell, & Brown 5378 (E——805365, W—791807). COLOMBIA: AtlAntico: Elias 260 (W—13)25)6). Bolfvar: Heriberto 208 (W--1036960) ; Killip & Smith 1,035 (W—135003)); Romero-Castafieda 9797 (Ac); Schott (F—l1159). Cundinamarca: Arbel4ez 2195 (W—1615650) . VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Holt & Gehriger 17h (W—1),71887). Federal District: Alston 5438 (N); H. Pittier 7887 (W--98798)). Mérida: R. Reed 587 (W--1619027), 585 (Mi); Rufz-Teran & Lépez-Palacios 6177 (X). Sara ie a
BOUCHEA PSEUDOCHASCANUM (Walp.) Grenz.
Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 327. 1893; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 31. 1933; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 5) (2): 7h7. 1934; K. V. O. Dahlgren, Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 32: 231. 1938; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 327 (196) and pr. 3, 1: 327. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 350. 1961; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 147, 355, & 400 (1971) and 2: 627, 628, 631, & 851. 1971.
This species has been collected in anthesis and in fruit in January. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria under the name Stachytarpheta dichotoma Vahl.
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Guanabara: B. Lutz 523 (Ja, Ja—
64, Poorer tO TL O1G- 2A Vol. 29, no. 1
23668); Mello Filho 1008 (Ja, Ja, Ja--52577); N. Santos 5819 (Ja, Ja); Segadas-Vianna 8,2 (Ja, Z). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: pl. 33. 1€51 (N, Z).
BOUCHEA RUSBYI Moldenke
Additional bibliography: M. Kunz, Anatom. Untersuch. Verb. 0. 1911; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 39. 1938; Metcalfe & Chalk, Anat. Dicot. 1031-1032. 1950; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 1, 148. 1952; Moldenke, Phytologia : 503--504. 195; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18): 169. 1958; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 2, 48 (1966) and ed. 3, uhs. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 181 & 00 (1971) and 2: 851. 1971.
Erdtman (1966) has examined the pollen of M. Bang 2226 from Bolivia and describes the grains as more or less of the same type as those of B. prismatica (L.) Kuntze, which see, but 129 m x 87 mu in size.
Emended citations: BOLIVIA: El Beni: Buchtien 8183 (W—-15)300).
Province undetermined: M. Bang 2226 (E-—-7350—isotype, V—-1273— isotype, W—-350081—isotype, W--132302l—-isotype) .
BOUCHEA SPATHULATA Torr.
Emended synonymy: Bouchea spatulata Torr. ex A. Gray, Syn. Fl. Ne Am., ed. ile 2 (1): 335. 1878.
Additional bibliography: A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am., ed. 1, 2 (1): 335. 1878; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 327. 1893; Steyerm. & Moore, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 20: 801. 1933; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 327. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia : 50 (1954) and 5: 6-7, fig. 12--16. 195; Jacke. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 327. 1960; Langman, Sel- ect. Guide Lit. Flow. Pl. Mex. 335. 196; Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 3 (2): 366. 1969; Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex. [Con- trib. Tex. Res. Found, Bot. 6:] 1807 & 1871. 1970; Moldenke in Correll & Johnston, Man. Vasc. Pl. Tex. [Contrib. Tex. Res. Found. Bot. 6:] 1336. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 54, 67, 401, & 402 (1971) and 2: 851. 1971; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 5 (4): B.A.S.I.C. S.33. 1972: Moldenke, Biol, Ahstr. 5): 1725. 1972; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 23: 210 & hi. 1972; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 290. 197h.
Illustrations: Moldenke, Phytologia 5: 6-—-7, fig. 12—15. 195).
Recent collectors describe this plant as a bush or shrub, 1——3 feet tall, erect, with large flowers, whose tube isto 3 cm. long & whose limb is 1.5 cm. wide when well pressed, and have found it flowering from July to September, fruiting in August and September, and growing at 3800 feet altitude. The corollas are described as and B. H. Warnock 10749, "purplish" on I. M. Johnston 8367 and Johnston & Muller 381, "purple" on I. M. Johnston 9286 and R. M. Stewart 2938, "lavender-blue" on Johnston & Muller 6,0, and "lilac to bluish" on I. M. Johnston 872).
The plant has been found growing on dry limestone slopes or rocky limestone slopes at canyon mouths and along arroyos. Warnock
197 Moldenke, Notes on Bouchea 65
reports that it is "frequent" or "infrequent" in limestone soil
in Brewster County, Texas. In Coahuila it is described by Muller as “abundant in desert scrub on steep slopes", while Johnston re- ports it as "common on limestone ledges on north-facing mountain- sides" and "common on rocky flats and ridges". Stewart reports
it as "common" on hillsides in Coahuila, while in the same Mexican state Johnston & Muller found it common below the oak and pine belt, in open valleys with scrub oaks and scattered pines, and on limestone ledges.
Steyermark & Moore (1933) comment that the species was "Col- lected previously in Texas by Hanson and Havard", while they found it on "Rock ridge above [Boquillas] canyon. The plants are suf- fruticose at the base, have thick coriaceous leaves, and bright purple corollas". Rickett (1969) describes it as "a densely branched shrub with leaves in pairs and threes, their blades rather thick, an inch long and widest at the end; no teeth, no stalks. It is a plant of western Texas and Mexico." The common name "spoon-leaf" is recorded for it.
The J. Baird s.n. [July 1936], distributed as B. spathulata, is actually | Aloysia ia macros tachya (Torr.) Moldenke.
iipecaps & emended citations: TEXAS: Brewster Co.: H. C. Han- son 718 (W—983030); Moore & Steyermark 346 (Ca-- 71421, D— 695293, E--1008109); C. C. Parry s.n. [Great Caffon of the Rio Grande near Mt. Carmel] (W— 9887—isotype); B. H. Warnock 1079 (Ld), 10766 (Ld). Oldham Co.: Havard 96 (F--252007, W—14755h). MEXICO: Coahuila: I. M. Johnston mn 8357 (¢), 9286 (G); Johnston & Muller 381 (. (Au--299381, G, G, Mi), 60 (Au—299693, G Mi); C. H. Muller 327 (Ca—725273, Ld , Mi) P Purpus 750 (Ca— 1482hh); R. M. Stewart 1189 (Au—301996, G), 2938 (G).
BOUCHEA eee var. LONGIFLORA Moldenke
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 210 & 14. 1972; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 5. “(h): BeAeSe I.o. S.22. 1972; Moldenke, Biol. Ab- str. 54: 1725. 1972; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 290. 1974.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its corolla-tubes 3--l cm. long.
Citations: MEXICO: Coahuila: I. M. Johnston 872) (Au—-29995)— type, G--isotype).
BOOK REVIEWS
Alma L. Moldenke
"AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE PACIFIC STATES" by Gayle Pickwell, xviii & 234 pp., illus., Facsimile Replication by Dover Pub- lications, New York, N. Y. 1001. 1972. $2.75 paperbound.
This new unabridged replication of the original 197 work is- sued by the Stanford University Press is dedicated to the memory of the author by his son, George V. Pickwell. He has added a "Table of Changes in Nomenclature" augmenting the scientific value and convenience in usage. "My father's original intent was not just the presentation of a handbook for identification....but rather the presentation of the fascinating life stories of these animals, especially as he had himself observed them in the wild through long hours and days of field study. What he learned and wrote is still valid and useful in this context and I hope that a new generation of herpetologists [or even anyone with a temporary amateur or professional herpetological interest] will again find this to be so."
The many photographs have reproduced well. The descriptions of these classes generally, of the individuals and their habits and habitats, make valuable and very interesting reading.
"THE BOOK OF FLOWERS: Four Centuries of Flower Illustration" by Alice M. Coats, 208 pp., illus., McGraw-Hill Book Company, St. Louis & San Francisco & New York, N. Y. 10020. 1973. $30.00 folio size.
This is an exquisitely beautiful, phyto-historically signifi- cant, botanically valuable and interesting labor of love. Flowers (3. 1.) originally printed on paper or vellum for book illustra- tions from 1485 to 1850 comprise the 126 plates, most of which have not previously been reproduced. They are very well presen- ted in either natural colors or black and white according to the original. Most come from rare, treasured books in the libraries of the Royal Horticultural Society, of Kew's Royal Botanic Gardens, and of Birmingham. Accompanying each plate are the English ver- nacular and the Latin scientific names, the source and its date, the artist with a comment on his training and work, and some of the uses and legends associated with the plant. Readers familiar with this author's "Flowers and Their Histories" and "The Plant Hunters" know that she has already carefully researched material from which to cull choice morsels of information.
The introduction is an excellent essay on botanical illustra- tion, describing mainly the 16th century herbals, botanical books in embryo, the 17th Fie ee Soe eee the 18th century botany
197k Moldenke, Book reviews 67
"beautifuls" reflecting Linnaeus' classification studies and colonial explorations with their concomitant botanical collecting, and the 19th century which was almost smothered with Redouté's gorgeous roses at the expense of other competent artists who lacked his charisma.
"Like a child between its parents, I walk holding by one hand to Agnes Arber's 'Herbals' (1938) and by the other to 'The Art of Botanical Illustration’ by Wilfred Blunt and W. T. Stearn (1950); and only the fact that these two scholarly books are long out of print emboldens me to venture on the same subject." The "Book of Flowers" is a worthy credit to such great parentage.
"THE GENUS LESQUERELLA (CRUCIFERAE) IN NORTH AMERICA" by Reed C. Rollins & Elizabeth A. Shaw, xi & 288 pp., illus., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. 1973. $18 00.
The last and also first comprehensive monographic treatment of this genus dates from over half a century ago by Edwin B. Payson in 1922. Since then many more collections have been added to herbaria. They have been studied along with all the types or type photographs. More field observations, chromosome numbers, electron microscope studies of pollen grains and trichomes, nat- ural and induced interspecific hybridizations all provide a much broader background upon which to base this newer monograph. Professor Rollins' own first published studies on this genus date back to 1939: he still accepts basically the classical status of the genera Alyssum and Vesicaria, both of the Old World, and of Physaria and Lesquerella, both of the New World.
Lesquerella is treated here intentionally without any formal infrageneric alignments of 69 species, including 3 interspecific hybrids and 29 infraspecific taxa in North America. "Cross- pollination is the norm for the genus as a whole....In the field, insects, mostly bees and flies, were repeatedly observed visit- ing the flowers."
This splendid study is fully illustrated with excellent plant photographs and line drawings, geographic distribution maps, and fine electron microscope photographs of the above-mentioned pollen grains and trichomes,
"MOSSES: UTAH AND THE WEST" by Seville Flowers & edited by Arthur Holmgren, xii & 567 pp., illus., Brigham Young University Press, Provo, Utah 8602. 1973. $14.50.
In the Foreword Dr. William Steere quotes from a 1965 letter from Prof. Flowers "My 'Moss Flora of Utah' is nearly complete, except for a few tag ends". In 1929 a progenitor of this study appeared as "Mosses of Utah". Dr. Flowers died in 1968.
In the Preface Dr. Arthur Holmgren, who was required to re-
68 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 1
duce this lifetime study by one-third, managed to leave intact the important ecology notes "as it is here that the work of many years in the field shines through the text and illustrations". He justly appraised this work very highly as monumental on the "mosses of Utah and contiguous areas, providing keys, illustra- tions, descriptions and information on geographical distribution and habitats, and detailed ohservations by Seville Flowers. The flora will be useful to bryologists, range men, foresters, eco= logists, and other botanists. This manual will serve as a guide to the moss flora of most of the intermountain region."
Tne book recognizes 256 species in 77 genera of 18 families, a surprisingly large number for this dry area, including both cosmopolitan species and endemics often first spotted by this author. Illustrating all these in excellently accurate and de- tailed drawings are 149 usually fullpage plates.
"SEASHORE LIFE OF PUGET SOUND, THE STRAIT OF GEORGIA, AND THE SAN JUAN ARCHIPELAGO" by Eugene N. Kozloff, x & 282 & xxviii plates, illus., University of Washington Press, London & Seattle, Washington 98105. 1973. $15.00 clothbound, $6.95 paperbound,.
This is truly "a reasonably comprehensive, accurate, and well-illustrated guide to seashore life of Puget Sound and adja- cent waters" responding to the growing interest in this marine enviroment on the part of amateurs, students and professional biologists who surely must be thankful that this helpful and compact source of information is now available.
The grossly visible animals and plants are described with some of their especially interesting life habits, pictured and grouped as they are found in the following habitats: floating docks and pilings, rocky shores, sandy beaches and quiet bays. There are 223 black/white photographs and line drawings and 68 lovely color photographs showing more animals than plants because the author is a highly skilled zoologist and marine ecologist long familiar with this area, rather than a botanist.
"WATER POLICIES FOR THE FUTURE: Final Report to the President and to the Congress of the United States by the National Water Commission" by Charles F. Luce et al., xxviii & 579 pp., illus., Water Information Center, Port Washington, New York 11050. 1973. $17.50.
This is a photographic reproduction of the text of the paper- back edition ($9.30) issued by the United States Government Printing Office in the same year, planned for "enduring casebound format for general and reference use" which it certainly deserves. Our country needs it, Most Of the included information is even applicable to other parts of the world.
At the end of each of the 17 chapters there are what seem to be
197 Moldenke, Book reviews 69
logical and necessary recommendations, The chapters deal with such topics as forecasting future demands, pollution control, in- creasing supply, etc., in forthright, non-verbose style. The il- lustrations consist of a few important and intelligible diagrams and several fine black/white photographs that are pertinent to the text. All is well indexed. There are no hare-brained schemes suggested,
This printing, in addition to the U. S. Government one — if the books are actually opened and read -~ will keep these ideas circulating for consideration rather than possibly being oblivi- ously buried, as so many committee reports are!
"MYCOLOGY GUIDEBOOK" edited by Russell B. Stevens for the Mycolog- ical Society of America, xciv & 703 pp., University of Wash- ington Press, Seattle, Washington 98105. 197. $15.00.
With the blessings of the National Science Foundation (in monetary form) bestowed upon the Mycological Society of America a dedicated committee of its leaders interested in improving under- graduate and graduate instruction in "their" subject have pro- duced by offset printing this excellent compendium of enrichment ideas, procedures, sources, organism index, and bibliography.
In the first paragraph of the preface are two important sug- gestions that are valid for almost all biology survey courses of groups in this country or in any other: "(1) Introduction of con- siderably more living material and (2) supplementation of the orthodox morphological view with information from genetics, physiology, industrial mycology, fungus ecology and medical my- cology". No matter how inexperienced or experienced in teaching nor how limited by or thoroughly trained in mycological studies, every teacher in this field from now on would be foolish not to consult this unique and valuable guide,
A few misspellings slipped through, as, for instance, release on p. xx, compatibility on p. 273, and symbiont on p. 313.
“WASHINGTON STATE: National Parks, Historic Sites, Recreation Areas and Natural Landmarks" by Ruth Kirk, 6) pp., illus., University of Washington Press, London & Seattle, Washington 98105. 197). $1.95 paper—back in large magazine format.
The 78 well chosen and nicely printed color photographs taken by the naturalist-author and her husband, a former park naturalist, show an appreciative understanding of the plant and animal life, the geological/geographical formations, and the living of the early natives and settlers in these special sites. The descrip- tive text is invitingly written and carries much of ecological import. It is a fine guide book for these places, but it is also really more — a lovely souvenir of trips taken, planned or just dreamed about.
70 PH Yt 0b 0:67 & Vol. 29, no. 1
"QUATERNARY PLANT ECOLOGY: The 14th Symposium of the British Eco- logical Society, University of Cambridge, 28-30 March 1972" edited by H. J. B. Birk & R. G. West, ix & 326 pp., illus., Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, & Halsted Press of John Wiley & Sons, Toronto & New York, N. Y. 10016. 1973 [197]. $4.50 oversize.
Well over a hundred scientists, mainly from the British Com- monwealth and Scandinavia, attended this symposium. Carefully prepared papers and their limited discussions are herewith avail- able to many more scientists and students. The book can exist because of anemophily and good human minds, it seems.
Using "the present to model the past", pollen analysts are "increasingly investigating the present-day geographical varia~ tion in pollen sedimentation in a variety of depositional envir- omments in an attempt to find suitable quantitative models for interpreting fossil pollen assemblages in terms of past vegeta- tion and environment." The presentations are grouped as follows: (1) methodological problems in palynology by four Americans, (2) pollen dispersal and sedimentation through air and water, (3) pollen representation in various climate zones, (4) plant macro- fossils in lakes, (5) vegetational history and community develop- ment including the juxtaposition of species for which there are no modern analogs (wherein palasoecology may best contribute to modern ecological theories and concepts), (6) palaeo-limnological documenting quantitatively the changes in populations of lake biota over the last few centuries, and (7) a thoughtful summation by a present-day ecologist who mentions that "palaeocological evidence is giving us increasing insight into the influence of human activity, at scales ranging from the very local effects.... to the broad regional changes",
"A GUIDE TO NATURAL COSMETICS" by Connie Krochmal, 227 pp., illus,, Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Company, New York, N. Y. 10022. 1973. $8.95.
This popularly oriented book discusses, after an interesting historical survey, those natural products for and methods of "“en- hancing attractiveness and appearance that are within the realm of practicability in the ordinary American [or typical western- cultured] home." ost of the materials for lotions, creams, oils, baths, nails, shaving, sachets, soaps, tooth and mouth cleansers, and perfumes are of plant origin, while a few such as musk, lano- lin, beeswax and cochineal dyes are of animal origin.
Easy to follow recipes are given for all of these by the auth- or who is really expert in this field. Biologically there are a few slips, such as "insect and animal materials". The essential oil of verbena esteemed in Egypt and Greece [inferring Ancient] would have to have been from the leaves of "Lippia citriodora and others" —- but Lippia citriodora, now known more correctly as
197k Moldenke, Book reviews 71
Aloysia triphylla, is a native of Argentina and has only recently been introduced farther afield. The verbena of the Mediterranean and Fertile Crescent part of the world was and is Verbena officin- alis.
Many folks will enjoy using this book.
"STURTEVANT'S EDIBLE PLANTS OF THE WORLD" edited by U. P. Hedrick, vii & 686 pp., Facsimile Replication by Dover Publications, New York, N. Y. 1001). 1972. $5.00 paperbound.
"This unabridged republication originally appeared as Volume 2, Part II, of the "Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station [at Geneva, N. Y.] for the Year 1919" under the more ab- breviated title "Sturtevant's Notes on Edible Plants". These notes, in much more voluminous form, were left by Dr. E. Lewis Sturtevant when he retired as director of this station in 1887. Dr. U. P. Hedrick, its horticulturist, prepared this text in truly usable form, Entries are arranged alphabetically, as
"Psophocarpus tetragonolobus DC. Leguminosae. Goa Bean.
This plant is grown in India for the sake of its edible seeds and also for use as a string bean. The pod is six to eight inches long, half an inch wide, with a leafy kind of fringe running along the length of its four corners.....Wight calls it a passable vege- table [confirmed by myself after eating it in Sri Lanka this year] «eeeePickering says it is a native of equatorial Africa....observ- ed by Cada Mosto in Senegal in 1)55".
Abbreviated footnotes appear directly on each page and the de- tailed bibliography appears at the end of the book, followed by an index to common names.
There is a wealth of valuable material well organized here, and therefore especially welcomed in this inexpensive reprinting.
"TEXTBOOK OF THEORETICAL BOTANY" by R. C. McLean & W. R. Ivimey= Cook (deceased), vii & 595 pp. from 3317 to 3912, illus., Halsted Press of John Wiley & Sons, New York, N. Y. 10016. 1973. $28.50.
This volume is devoted very effectively to ecology and geo- graphy. For the former are developed ecological scope and con- cepts, an analysis of the plant community, and the nature of en- vironment with subdivisions such as sub-aerial, biotic, edaphic, freshwater, marine including productivity of the sea and its beaches. For the latter are developed the basic phytogeographical principles and methods, geological background, climate, distribu- tional areas, migration, dispersal and comcommitant discontinui- ties, floristic components and provinces, and the influences of man,
"An ecosystem is a natural 'whole', an organic entity which is more than the sum of its parts considered separately. The holis-
72 POH XT OL 0 Gal & Vol. 29, no. 1
tic concept of Smuts should be part of all biological thinking."
This text in its full five volume form should be valuable to any botany student beyond the beginning level, any botany teacher and any professional botanist, but it would be so much more use- ful to many different students and scientists if the indexes in this and the other volumes listed all, rather than just some, of the organisms mentioned even if only to genus.
"TRANSPORT OF NUTRIENTS IN PLANTS" by A. J. Peel, iv & 258 pp., illus., Butterworth & Co., Publishers, London WC2B 6AB & Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016. 197). $15.00.
It is impossible to read this study without picking up the author's enthusiasm for his work, his encouragement to others to join in, his own careful studies, his intelligent evaluations of all experimental work on the movement of nutrient solutes into, through and out of phloem for distances of just microns up to many meters as in tall trees. Special attention is given to solute loading control, velocity control, passive and active sieve tube transport, movements and effects, of growth regulator hormones. This is mostly a carefully prepared interim report.
References, glossary, abbreviations, author and subject indexes are given. Plant names are often given only to gems or only as synonyms (as, for instance, Lens culinaris for Lens esculenta).
"Transport of nutrients is such an essential aspect of the growth of plants that knowledge of the patterns of movement must play an ever-increasing role in the manipulation of economically important species so that these are able to pro- vide the maximum yield."
— PHYTOLOGIA ..
Designed to expedite botanical publication sig Vol. 29 October, 1974 No. 2 CONTENTS
KOYAMA, T., New combinations relevant to the Cyperaceae tribe
ey pereae.of tropical AMETICA . 6.0 ae. eer oo aero eae oe 73 -MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. LXXI...... 75 -MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. XLVIII.... . 78 : ROBINSON, H., & BOWERS, F. D., A new species of Oreoweisia from
NINA | PRCIIMIGCERE, MERCI) 0 eb a eee a oe 114 ROBINSON, H., Notes on the mosses of Juan Fernandez and southern
South America 116
cs 60s eee ae, ee A eee fe ee ee ea Nee ew & oa eee
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). . eee ee ems VIREETIGS 570 hide aed os ms leew ss oS 121
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae ( Asteraceae). CXXX. Notes on Campuloclinium, Koanophyllon, Mikania
'
TERI IITIS a 515 Bh kas She x Pac We wine Ga kde 123 CROAT, T. B., Notes on the genus Clitoria (Leguminosae) in Panama.... . 130 WURDACK, J. J., Certamen Melastomataceis XXIII ............... 135
DAVIDSE, G., A new species of Lasiacis:( Gramineae) 2 25. fe Uae ose. 152
GILLIS, W. T., Phantoms in the flora of the Bahamas ............. 154
REAL: Book yeviews oe ini eeis Sas XS ae a 167
eee
Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke
303 Parkside Road + | Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 . ¥ U.S.A.
Price of this number $1.50; per volume, $9.00 in advance or $9.50 at close of volume; 75 cents extra to foreign addresses
—
NEW COMBINATIONS RELEVANT TO THE CYPERACEAE TRIBE CYPEREAE OF TROPICAL AMERICA
Tetsuo KOYAMA The New York Botanical Garden
While preparing the taxonomic treatment for the Cyperaceae volume of the Flora Neotropica, a number of new combinations of names have been proposed for the species of the Cyperaceae tribe Cypereae. Since it will be at least two years before the whole manuscript goes to press, it is attempted here to validate these manuscript names for immediate use.
Genus MARISCUS Gaertner (nom. conserv.)
MARISCUS APICULATUS (Liebmann), n. comb. Cyperus apiculatus Liebmann in Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. V, 2: 220. 1851.
MARISCUS BLODGETTII (Britton), n. comb. Cyperus blodgettii Brit- ton in Bull. Torrey Club 17: 316. 1890.
MARISCUS CAMPHORATUS (Liebmann), n. comb. Cyperus camphoratus Liebmann in Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. V, 2: 216. 1851.
MARISCUS CEARAENSIS (R. Gross ex Kiikenthal), n. comb. Cyperus cearaensis R. Gross ex Kiikenthal in Pflanzenr. 4(20), 101 Heft: 466. 1936.
MARISCUS CILIATUS (Junghuhn), n. comb. Cyperus ciliatus Junghu- hun in Linnaea 6: 25. 1831.
MARISCUS CORNELLII-OSTENII (Kiikenthal), n. comb. Cyperus cornel- lii-ostenii Kiikenthal in Feddes Repert. Sp. Nov. 29: 198. 1931.
MARISCUS DISCIGERUS (Liebmann), n. comb. Cyperus discigerus Li- ebmann in Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. V, 2: 212. 1851.
MARISCUS DISSOLUTUS (H. B. K.), n. comb. Cyperus dissolutus Hum- boldt, Bonpland, & Kunth in Link, Jahrb. Gewdchsk. 1, Heft 3: 87. 1820.
MARISCUS EKMANII (Kikkenthal), n. comb. Cyperus ekmanii Kiiken- thal in Feddes Repert. Sp. Nov. 23: 186. 1926.
MARISCUS FAMILIARIS (Steudel), n. comb. Cyperus familiaris Steu- del, Synops. Pl. Glumac. 2: 46. 1855.
MARISCUS FENDLERIANUS (Béckeler), n. comb. Cyperus fendlerianus Bockeler in Linnaea 35: 520. 1868.
MARISCUS FILICULMIS (Vahl), n. comb. Cyperus filiculmis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 328. 1806.
MARISCUS FULIGINEUS (Chapman), n. comb. Cyperus fuligineus Chap- iiie fl. soutneast. U. S.-S1L.. 716/725
MARISCUS GRAYI (Torrey), n. comb. Cyperus grayi Torrey in Ann. Lyc. New York 3: 268. 1836.
MARISCUS HOUGHTONII (Torrey), n. comb. Cyperus houghtonii Tor- rey in Ann. Lyc. New York 3: 277. 1836.
MARISCUS INFUSCATUS (Kunth), n. comb. Cyperus infuscatus Kunth, Boum. PL. 2: 86. 1837.
73
7h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 2
MARISCUS MOHRII (Britton), n. comb. Cyperus mohrii Britton ex C. B. Clarke in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 8: 10. 1908.
MARISCUS MULTIFOLIUS (Kunth), n. comb. Cyperus multifolius Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 91. 1837.
MARISCUS NANUS (Willdenow), n. comb. Cyperus nanus Willdenow, Son Pls 2272. 9 1798:
MARISCUS PICARDAE (Béckeler), n. comb. Cyperus picardae Bécke- ler in Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 18. 1896.
MARISCUS RIGENS (Presl), n. comb. Cyperus rigens Presl, Religq. Haenk. 1: 170. 1828.
MARISCUS SCHWEINITZII (Torrey), n. comb. Cyperus schweinitzii Torrey in Ann. Lyc. New York 3: 276. 1836.
MARISCUS SERTULARINUS (Liebmann), n. comb. Cyperus sertularinus Liebmann in Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Kjébenhavn V, 2: 213. 1851.
MARISCUS SPECTABILIS (Link), n. comb. Cyperus spectabilis Link, Hort. berol. Desens SiG. eee.
MARISCUS SUBCARACASANUS (Kiikenthal), n. comb. Cyperus subcara- casanus Kiikenthal in Arkiv f6r Bot. 22 (A. Nr. 17): 5. 1929.
MARISCUS SUBUNIFLORUS (Britton), n. comb. Cyperus subuniflorus Britton in Small, FI. Southeast. U.S. eds) 23 i73tye90se
MARISCUS TENUIS (Swartz), n. comb. Cyperus tenuis Swartz, Pro- en. Veg. ind. Oceid: 20.4) 1788".
MARISCUS THYRSIFLORUS (Schlechtendal), n. comb. Cyperus thyrsi- florus Schlechtendal & Chamisso in Linnaea 6: 24. 1831.
MARISCUS UNIFOLIUS (Béckeler), n. comb. Cyperus unifolius Bock- Edler inmintinnacas Soc Soo) Ore
MARISCUS WACKETTII (Kiikkenthal), n. comb. Cyperus wackettii Ku- Kenthal in Pflanzenr. 4(20), 101 Heft: 443. 1936.
MARISCUS WRIGHTII (Britton), n. comb. Cyperus wrightii Britton in Bull. Torrey Gilhub 13) 21/5. 886"
Genus PYCREUS P. Beauv.
PYCREUS CAMAGUEYENSIS (Britton), n. comb. Cyperus camagueyensis Britton in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club. 16: 59. 1920.
PYCREUS FILICINUS ( Vahl), n. comb. Cyperus filicinus Vahl, Enum. Pile Deseo als{Oc
PYCREUS LANCEOLATUS (Poiret), n. comb. Cyperus lanceolatus Poi- ret, Encycl. Meth. Bot. 7: 245. 1806.
PYCREUS NIGER (Ruiz & Pavon), n. comb. Cyperus niger Ruiz & Pa- VOT, Mele berUs miles) 47). Gl.
Genus TORULINIUM Desvaux
TORULINIUM HARRISII (Kiikenthal), n. comb. Cyperus harrisii Ki- Kenthal in Feddes Repert. Sp. Nov. 23: 191. 1926.
TORULINIUM FLEXUOSUM (Vahl), n. comb. Cyperus flexuosus Vahl, Fnum. Pil. 2: 359) 1806.
TORULINIUM MACROCEPHALUM (Liebmann), n. comb. Cyperus macroce- phalus Liebmann in Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Kjébenhavn V, 2: 221. ISS its
NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. LX
Harold N, Moldenke
ALOYSIA GRATISSIMA f. MACROPHYLLA Moldenke, f, nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum ellipticis vel ovato-ellipticis usque ad 3 cm. longis 1.5 cm. latis margine grosseserrato-dentatis subtus densiuscule piloso-pubescentibus re- cedit.
This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav- ing its leaf-blades much larger both on sterile and on floriferous shoots, to 3 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, the margins conspicuously and rather irregularly coarsely serrate-dentate with more or less divergent acute teeth, and rather densely pilose-pubescent be- neath, more conspicuously so on the vein and veinlet reticulation.
The type of this form was collected by Charles Christopher Parry, John Milton Bigelow, Charles Wright, and Arthur Carl Victor Schott in "mountain tracks", Presidio del Norte, Presidio County, Texas, on August , 1852, and is deposited in the Columbia Univer- sity herbarium now preserved at the New York Botanical Garden.
AVICENNIA GERMINANS var. GUAYAQUILENSIS (H.B.K.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Avicennia tomentosa var. guayaquilensis H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 230—-231. 1817.
LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS f. RUBICUNDUS Moldenke, f. nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis rubicundis recedit.
This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav- ing light-pink corollas.
The type of the form was collected by Alma Lance Moldenke and Harold Norman Moldenke (no, 28613) along fencerows at Tabernacle, Burlington County, New Jersey, on June 28, 197, and is deposited in the herbarium of Cairo University at Giza, Egypt.
LIPPIA LINDMANII f. OPPOSITIFOLIA Moldenke, f. nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei foliis decussato-oppositis recedit.
This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav- ing its leaves arranged in decussate-opposite fashion on the stems.
The type of the form was collected by Howard Samuel Irwin and Thomas R. Soderstrom (no. 6616) in cerrado about 10 km. south of Garapfi, at an elevation of 300 to 00 meters, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 13912' S., 5293)' W., on October 3, 1964, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The collec- tors note that the plant is a few-branched erect shrub, the bracts pink, and the corollas pink with a yellow throat.
7S
76 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 2
PAEPALANTHUS BIFIDUS f. BREVIPES Moldenke, f. nov.
Haec forma a forma typica speciei pedunculis floriferis fruc- tiferisque plerumque 1—~3 cm. longis recedit.
This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav- ing its peduncles during full anthesis and/or fruit mostly only 1-—-3 cm. in length.
The type of the form was collected by Ynes Enriquetta Julietta Reygadas [née Mexia] (no. 5816) in sandy soil among rocks, at 1250 meters altitude, on the slope of the Serra do Rio Grande, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, on May 12, 1931, and is depos- ited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The distinguished collector describes the plant as an herb with brownish-white flowers, and says that it was common locally.
PAEPALANTHUS BIFIDUS f. FRUSTUS Moldenke, nom. & stat. nov. Eriocaulon pygmaeum Mart., Flora 2h, Beibl. 2: 60. 181 [not E. pygmaeum Soland., 1809].
PETREA KOHAUTIANA var. PILOSULA Moldenke, var. nov.
Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit foliis ad apicem plerumque distincte emarginatis aristatisque et calycibus recep~ taculisque ubique dense vel parce albido=-pilosulis.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaf=-blades normally very distinctly rounded-emargin- ate at the apex, sometimes with the two lobe~like portions of the blade cordately overlapping, and with a sharp and firm pro- jecting erect or divergent arista about 3 mm. long arising from the termination of the midrib.
The type of this distinct variety was collected by Luis Rufz- Teran and Santiago Lépez-Palacios (no. 7641) in cultivation as an ornamental at La Cejita, district Valera, Trujillo, Venezuela, on September 22, 1972, and is deposited in my personal herbariun at Plainfield, New Jersey. The collectors describe the plant as an erect shrub, 2 m. tall, with purple "flowers".
STACHYTARPHETA SPATHULATA Moldenke, sp. nov,
Frutex 1m. altus ramosissimus; ramis ramulisque densissime pubescentibus, pilis divergentibus canescentibus; internodiis perbrevibus; foliis numerosis simillimis spathulatis; petiolis 5-7 mm. longis densissime canescenti-pubescentibus; laminis suborbicularibus 8--12 mm. longis latisque subra viridibus sub- tus albo-canescentibus ad apicem rotundatis ad basin in petiolun abrupte attenuatis marginibus serratis supra dense breviterque pubescentibus, subtus perdensissime albido~pubescentibus subto- mentosis, reticulo venularum supra indistincta subtus saepe dis- tincta; inflorescentiis terminalibus spicatis sessilibus vel subsessilibus 6—-10 cm. longis gracilibus densifloris ubique dense pubescentibus; corollis atrocaeruleis.
Shrub, about 1m. tall, mch branched; branches and branch- lets slender, short, numerous, very densely pubescent throughout with divergent canescent hairs; internodes much abbreviated,
197) Moldenke, New and noteworthy plants TI
mostly 1--2 cm. long or less; leaves mmerous on branches and branchlets, decussate-opposite or ternate, distinctly spatulate, remarkably uniform in size and shape; petioles 5--7 mm. long, margined, very densely canescent—pubescent with divergent hairs; leaf-blades mostly suborbicular, 8--12 mm. long and wide, dark- green above, white-canescent beneath, rounded at the apex, very abruptly attenuate at base into the petiole, serrate along the margins from the widest part to the apex with rather regular and very distinct teeth, densely short-pubescent above, very densely white-pubescent or subtanentose beneath, the veinlet reticulation mostly indistinct above but often distinct through the pubescence beneath; inflorescence terminal, spicate, sessile or subsessile, 6--10 cm. long, slender, the rachis and appressed calyxes and bracts about 3 mm. wide, densely pubescent throughout like the branchlets; bractlets lanceolate, about 3 mm. long, mostly appres- sed to the calyx; calyx 6 mm. long, densely canescent—puberulent; corolla infundibular, dark-blue, the tube about 10 mm. long, glabrous on the outside.
The type of this species was collected by William Russell An- derson (no. 8515) on a rocky hillside in an area of steep rocky (quartzite) hillside sloping down to gallery forest, with seeps and sedge meadows (brejo) just above the forest, at an elevation of 1,00 meters, about 18 km. by road southwest of Diamantina on the road to Curvelo, in the Serra do Espinhago, Minas Gerais, Brazil, on April 10, 1973, and is deposited in my personal her- barium at Plainfield, New Jersey.
SYNGONANTHUS BISUMBELLATUS var. FROESII (Moldenke) Moldenke, stat. nov. Syngonanthus froesii Moldenke, Phytologia 1h: 399--l00. 1967.
SYNGONANTHUS UMBELLATUS f. MINOR (Miq.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Paepalanthus umbellatus f. minor Miq. in sched. impr. mit. ed. Hohenacker Pl. Hostm. & Kappl. 592b. Haec forma a forma typica speciei statura multo minore differt. Holotyp. in herb. monac,
SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES var. CONFUSUS (KUrn.) Moldenke, stat. nov. Paepalanthus confusus Ktrn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 433. 1863.
SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES var. HIRSUTUS Moldenke, var. nov.
_ Haec varietas a forma typica speciei vaginis densissime hirsu- tis pilis patentissimis et foliis brevioribus 8—13 cm. longis versus basin plusminusve patento-hirsutulis recedit.
This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaf=-sheaths very densely hirsute (with the hairs standing at right angles to the sheath) and the leaves shorter, only 8--13 cm. long, 3--5 mm. wide, rather obtuse at the apex, and more or less hirsutulous toward the base.
78 Pin V7.0 L0G. 4 Vol. 29, no. 2
The type of the variety was collected by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (no. 561) on the campos at Boa Perna, Minas Gerais, Brazil, probably in 1818, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Botanical Museum at Munich.
SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES var. MELANOLEPIS (Alv. Silv.) Moldenke, comb. nov. onanthus vernonioides var. melanolepis Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 396. 1928.
SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES var. MINOR (Kunth) Moldenke, comb. nov. Paepalanthus vernonioides ¢ minor Kunth, Emm, Pl. 3: 529, 181.
SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES var. VERNONIOIDES (Kunth) Moldenke, stat. & comb. nov. Paepalanthus vernonioides Kunth, Emm. Pl. 3: 528. 18h1.
VERBENA PLATENSIS f. IVERIANA (Bosse) Moldenke, comb, nov, Verbena teucriodes f. iveriana Bosse ex Voss in Viln., Blumen- gurt. 1: 827. 1095.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. XLVIII Harold N. Moldenke
ERIOCAULACEAE Lindl.
Additional & emended bibliography: Wikstr., K. Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh., ser. 2, 1: 73--81, pl. 3 & h. 18203 Wikstr., Trenne Nya Art. Ortsl. Erioc. [7]—[15]. 1821; Mart., Erioc. Selbst. Pflanzen- fan. [3], h, 6, 11, 22, 2h, 27, 29, 33, 36, hO, Li, Si, 55, 57, 58, 60, & 63, pl. 1 (I) fig. 16, 1 (IT) fig. 7 & 8, ple 2 (1) fig. 1— i & pl. 2 (II) fig. 1—3. 1833; I\e Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 23 347. 1851; Anon., Journ, Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 20: 522. 1883 Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 502--50. 1893 J. Jacks., Fl. Worcester Co., ed. (4 56. 189; Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. Cs 133-13. 1895; Huber, Bot. Mus. Para. 2: 499--501. 1898; H. H. W. Pearson,
Journ, Linn, Soc. Lond. Bot. 3h: 30h, 32h, 320, 331, & 357. 1899; N. E. Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 231-259, 261, & 262. 1901; Kirby, Brit. Flow. Pl. 147. 1906; Twining, Fl. North- east. Penn, 2). 1917; Malmanche, Contrib. fitud. Anatom. Eriocaul. [thesis]. 1919; Hand.-Mazz. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 56: 585. 1921; Frémy, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand., ser. 5, 7: 25--26. 1922; Limpr. in Fedde, Repert. Beih. 12: 31). 1922; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 51 (1): 168—171 [13h--137]. 1923; Backer, Handb. Fl. Java 3: 5-8. 192); Ridl., Journ. Bot. 63: Suppl. 126. 1925; Blewitt, Fl. Waterbury 39. 1926; Kradusel in Just, Bot. Jahresber.
197k Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 719
48 (1): 2h. 1926; O. C. Schmidt in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 52 (1): 156 [138]. 1927; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 9 (1): 160.
1927; Backer, Onkruidfl. 1: Handb. Suiker.-Cult. 7: 176—178 & 8h, pl. 186—188. 1928; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 60—€1 [h2—N3]. 1928; M. A. Johnstone, Pl. Ecology 65— 66 & 159. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 51 (1): 89 & 168-171 (1929), 50 (1): 231—232 & 317 (1930), and 53 (2): 261. 1930; Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 303—306. 1901; Fed- de in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 9 (2): 522—h23 (1932) and 50 (1): 684. 1932; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 1, 198, 90, & 956, fig. 107. 1932; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 51 (2): 295—296 (1933) and 52 (1): 786. 193); Perrier de la B&thie, Cat. Pl. Mad- ag. 21—22. 1934; Dole, Fl. Vt., ed. 3, 78. 1937; Alston, Kandy Fl, xvi & 76. 1938; Pellegr., Mém. Soc. Linn. Normand. 26 [ser. 2, 1 (h)): 58. 1938; Pellegr., Fl. Mayomb. 3: 58. 1938; Fedde & Schust, in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 29. 190; Vester, Bot. Arch. 1: 346, fig. 126. 1940; Erdtman, Introd. Pollen Analys. 56, [57], & 236, pl. 1, fig. 10 & 11. 1943; Leén, Fl. Cuba 1: 278— 28) & 426, fig. 112 & 113. 1946; P. R. Mill., Ind. Pl. Diseases U. S. 2: 327. 1950; Scoggan, Natl. Mus. Canada Bull. 115: 1/6. 1950; Anon., Taxon 1: 29. 1951; Metcalfe, Taxon 1: 130. 1951; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 1, 163, 523, & 537, fig. 9uA. 1952; Bond, Wild Fls. Ceylon Hills xiii & 232—~233. 1953; Anon., Taxon : 68. 1955; Kramer, Taxon : 238. 1955; Moldenke in R. E. Schult., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 17: 66. 1955; Ikuse, Pollen Grains Jap. 6. 1956; M. T. Davis, Taxon 6: [170], 179, & 181. 1957; Kramer, Taxon 6: 22. 1957; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18): 39. 1958; R. McVaugh, N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 360A: 93. 1958; Abeywickrama, Ceylon Journ. Sci. Biol. 2: 1,0—1l)1. 1959; Hangulee, Das, & Datta, College Bot. 1: 81. 1959; Kramer, Taxon 8: 77. 1959; Rickett & Stafleu, Taxon 8: 232. 1959; Braga, Pl. Nordest., ed. 2, 20. 1960; K. Jones, Taxon 9: 183 & 187. 1960; Kramer, Taxon 9: 59. 1960; Beug, Leitfaden Pollenbest. 1: vi, 59, & 60, pl. 8, fig. 7~9 & text fig. 17 a & b. 1961; Van Steenis, Pacif, Pl. Areas 1: 103. 1963; Faegri & Iversen, Textb. Pollen Analys., ed. 2, pr. 1, 193 & 221. 1964; Takhtajan, Taxon 13: 163 & 164. 1964; Nair, Pollen Grains West. Himal. Pl. [Asia Monogr. 5:] viii, 35, 42, & 92, pl. 15, fig. 19k. 1965; E.G. Voss, Mich. Bot. h: 17, 22, & 23. 1965; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 2, pr. 1, 163, 523, & 537, fig. 9A. 1966; Faegri & Iversen, ed. 2, pr. 2, 193 & 221. 1966; Nair, Es- sent. Palynol. 21, [23], [3hi, & 9h, fig. h3. 1966; Stuckey, Mich. Bot. 5: 105, 1966; Airy Shaw in J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, vid & 1ii. 1967; Friedrich-Holzhammer & Roessler in Merxnmtiller, Prodr. Fl. Sidw. Afr. 15, 159: [1]--2. 1967; Kramer, Taxon 16: 58 & 211. 1967; C. E. Wood, Taxon 16: 27-28. 1967; Deb, Sengupta, & Malick, Bull. Bot. Soc, Bengal 22: 210. 1968; Gumawardena, Gen. & Sp. Pl. Zeyl. 206—207. 1968; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 1: LL, 16, & 20. 1969; Cronq., Taxon 18: 193. 1969; B. Hansen, Dansk Bot. Ark. 27: 29--33. 1969; Keng, Ord. & Fam. Malay. Seed Pl. 313—31h, fig. 183. 1969; Kirpicznikov, Tax-
80 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 2
on 18: 698. 1969; Kramer, Taxon 18: 22. 1969; Quisumbing, Act. Manil. A.) (9): 38. 1969; Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. 1, 77--78, fig. 38-B. 1969; Singer, Taxon 18: 309. 1969; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 2: xxriii, xxv, & xxxviii. 1970; Beard, West Austr. Pl., ed. 2, 25. 1970; Lowden, . Taxon 19: 836 & 845. 1970; Matthew, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 91. 1970; Nair, Pollen Morph. Angiosp. 61, 62, 70—72, 79, 83, 85, 123, & 155. 1970; Saxena, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 62. 1970; Thaker, Sabnis, & Bedi, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 125. 1970; Thanikaimoni, Inst. Frang¢. Pond. Trav. Sect. Scient. & Techn. 11: 185, [197], [199], [201], 243, & 283. 1970; Tomlinson & Sm., Tax- on 19: 887. 1970; Venkatareddi, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 220. 1970; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 2, pr. 2, 163, 523, & 537, fig. 94A. 1971; Fonseka & Vinasithamby, Prov. List Local Names Flow. Pl. Ceylon 29 & 9. 1971; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.18: bk & LS. 1971; Kulkarni, Proc. 58th Ind. Sci. Cong. 3 (): Ab- str. 438. 1971; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 2, 1: 198, fig. 107 (1971) and pr. 2, 2: 940 & 956. 1971; Satake, Journ. Jap. Bot. 6: 109—111 [13—15], fig. 1 & 2, & 372--373 [20—21]. 1971; Thieret, Southw. Nat. 15: 391. 1971; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitoge- Ogre Est. Se Paulo, ed. is 6: 1155—1164, & Ind. 5, ls 12, 16, 20— 22, 28, & 29. 19723; Anon., Icon. Cormoph. Sin. 1: 979. 1972; Beadle, Evans, Carolin, & Tindale, Fl. Sydney Reg., ed. 2, 590, fig. 49. 1972; Bole, Excerpt. Bot. A.20: 83. 1972; C. A. Bre, Wildfls. La. 11, 238, 20, & 243. 1972; Clifford & Ludlow, Keys Fam, & Gen. Queens]. Flow. Pl. 10, 56, 18, & 201. 1972; I. Ke & L. F. Ferguson & Halliday, Watsonia 9: 59. 1972; Hamzah, Toha, & Van Steenis, Mount. Fl. Java 48, pl. 19, fig. 1 & 2.19723 A. Hansen, Excerpt. Bot. A.19: 245. 1972; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 19: 36h. 1972; Rouleau, Taxon Index Vols. 1-20 part 1: 139, 203, & 271. 1972; Sharma, Nucleus 15: Append. 10. 1972; R. R. Stewart in Nasir & Ali, Fl. West Pakist. Annot. Cat. 36 & 825. 1972; Thorne, Quart. Rev. Biol. 47: 370. 1972; Van dem Berghen, Nat. Belg. 53 (4): 157—169. 1972; Widder, Excerpt. Bot. A.19: 259. 1972; Natl. Acad. Sci. China, Iconogr. Sin. 1: 979. 1972; Alt- schul, Drugs & Foods 19 & 37. 1973; Anon., Biol, Abstr. 56 (1): BASIC. S.88, S.18h, 5.253, & S.25h (1973), 56 (3): BASIC. $.28, 5.89, S.1bh, S.147, S161, S.186, & S268 (1973), 56 (6): BeAeSel-C. S230, S089, SoM, S.1N7, & Sel6l (1973), 56 (9) BeAs S.I.C. S.93 & S.199 (1973), 56 (10): BeA.S.I.C. S91, S.1h7, S. 9, & S.265 (1973), and 56 (11): B.A.S.1.C. S.97. 1973; Birks, Past & Pres. Veg. Skye 0, 87, 152, 18, 213, & 218. 1973; Frohne & Jensen, System, Pflanzenr. 236, 263, & 290. 1973; C. D. Ke Cook, Bull. Soc. Bot. Suisse 83: 55, 59, & 6h. 1973; Harborne in L. P. Mill., Phytochemistry 2: 363. 1973; H. R., Biol. Abstr. 56: 5980. 19735 Kral, Rhodora 75: 382--38). 1973; M. D. S., Biol. Ab- str. 56 (4): 18h8. 1973; Moidenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 69, 75, 123, 1252, 1259, 1261, 3000, 3006, 3007, 5366, 537h, & 7h8h. 19733 Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 55—18h, 500, 502--S0h, 506, 508, 509, & 511 (1973) and 27: 63-65 & 67—73, fig. 1—k. 1973; Re R. Rao, Stud. Flow. Pl. Mysore Dist. 2: 874--876 [thesis]. 1973; Robi-
197) Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 81
chaud & Buell, Veg. N. J. 217, 319, & 327. 1973; Rogerson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 100: 192, 26, & 326. 1973; Ross-Craig, Drawings Brit. Pl. 31: pl. 6. 1973; Shetler & Read, Fl. N. Am. Rep. 71: 29. 1973; W. Stone, Pl. South. N. J., pr. 2, 323--325 & 817, pl. 28, fig 1& 2, & pl. 6h, fig. 2. 1973; Thorne in Meggers, Ayensu, & Duckworth, Trop. For. Ecosyst. Afr. & S. Am. 29, 30, 33, & %. 1973; Wedge, Pl. Names 18. 1973; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 57 (2): Behe SIC. £9 (197) and 57 (hk): BASIC. E.95. 197h3 Asher, Guide Bot. Period. 1 (8): 48. 197); Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 290—293. 1974; Howes, Dict. Useful Pl. 86. 197); Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 57: 678, 679, & 1905. 197); Moldenke, Phytologia 27: hhh, 508--510, & 512 (197) and 28: 192—19h, 401, 403, h26—l30, 432, 197k; He Re, Biol. Abstr. 57: 5680. 197); Rodriguez M., Mem. II Congres. Venez. Bot. 95. 1974; Rogerson & Becker, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 101: 46. 197); Traub, Pl. Life 30: 143. 197); Vogelen- gang, Asher's Guide Bot. Period. 1 (5): 75 & 95. 197h; Wedge,
Pl. Names, ed. 2, 2h & 26. 197.
The Ktrnicke (1856) reference which occurs so often in the bibliography of this family is often cited as "185", the title- page date, but pages 129-799 were actually not published until April of 1856. The Durand & Schinz (189) item is often cited as "1895", the title-page date, but pages 65 to the end were actu- ally published in 189).
Angely (1969) accepts as valid a "Sub-series Eriocaulinales". Harborne (1973) reports for the Eriocaulaceae, as a family, the "general overall flavonoid pattern based on frequency of occur- rence" 6— or 8-hydroxyflavonols and the specific family constit- uents of quercetagetin and patuletin.
Pearson (1899) speaks of the Eriocaulaceae as they occur in the characteristic patana grasslands of Ceylon (Sri Lanka), noting that they become very abundant at about 5000 feet alti- tude, especially in swampy (marshy) places, that they, along with peat-mosses, sedges, and grasses, accumulate and provide humus in the hollows with blocked drainage, and that they, the sedges, grasses, and Hedyotis verticillaris provide abundant fibrous remains of dead vegetative parts which persist and re- tain water. My wife and I can attest to the truth of these ob- servations, since we observed the identical situation on the Horton Plains earlier this year in intimate detail.
It is of interest to note that Thwaites (1839), famous early worker on the Ceylonese flora, classified the pipeworts in the family Restiaceae. In this, of course, he was not alone among early systematists.
BLASTOCAULON Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Ver- benac., [ed. 2], 75 & 203. 199; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 1156 & Ind. 5. 1970; Anon., Biol. Ab- str. 56 (3): BASIC. 5.28, S.89, & Sly (1973) and 56 (6): B. A.S.I.C. S.30. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 1259, 1261, &
82 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 2
3007. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 55 & 500. 1973; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 57 (2): BASIC. E.G. 19743 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293. 197k.
BLASTOCAULON ALBIDUM (G. Gardn.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verben- ac., [ed. 2], 75 & 203. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 16. 1973.
BLASTOCAULON PROSTRATUM (Korn.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verben- ac., [ed. 2], 75 & 203. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 336. 1972.
BLASTOCAULON RUPESTRE (G. Gardn.) Ruhl.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr, Distrib. Verben- ac., [ed. 2], 75 & 203. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 55. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293. 197k.
BLASTOCAULON SPELEICOLA Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verb- enac., [ed. 2], 75 & 203. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 16. 1973.
CARPTOTEPALA Moldenke
Synonymy: Carptopetala Moldenke ex Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. 4.23: 293, sphalm. 197).
Additional bibliography: Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (1): B.A.S.I.C. $.88 (1973) and 56 (3): BeA.S.I.C. S.28 & S.89. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 75 & 1259. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 26 & ee pee and 28: 5h & 507. 1974; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23:
CARPTOTEPALA JENNMANI (Gleason) Moldenke
Additional synonymy: Carptopetala jenmani (Gleason) Moldenke ex Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293, sphalm. 197).
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 26 (1973) and 28: Sh. 197k; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293. 197k.
Additional citations: GUYANA: Jenman 1032 [N. Y. Bot. Gard. type photo 5007] (W—photo of type).
COMANTHERA L. B. Sm.
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verben- ac., [ed. 2], 66 & 203. 199; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 1156 & Ind. 7. 1970; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (1): BASIC. S.88 (1973), 56 (3): BASIC. S.28 & S.89 (1973), and 56 (6): B.A.S.I.C. S.30 & S.161. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 75, 1259, & 3007. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 16 & 502. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293. 197h.
COMANTHERA KEGELIANA (Korn.) Moldenke
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 16. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293. 197.
Additional citations: GUYANA: Linder 40 [N. Y. Bot. Gard. type
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 83 photo 5006] (W--photo).
ERIOCAULON Gron.
Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon trimerium Mart., Erioc. Selbst. Pflanzenfam. 55. 1833.
Additional & emended bibliography: Wikstr., K. Vet. Acad. Handl, Stockh., ser. 2, 1: 73--81, pl. 3 & 4. 1820; Wikstr., Trenne Nya Art. Ortsl. Erioc. [7]—[15] (repr.). 1821; Mart., Erioc. Selbst. Pflanzenfam. [3], 4, 6, ll, 22, 2h, 27, 29, 33, 30, 40, 1, 51, 55, 57, 58, 60, & 63, pl. 1 (I) fig. 1—6, 1 (II) fig. 7& 8, pl. 2 (I) fig. 1—7, & pl. 2 (II) fig. 1—6. 18333 A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 37. 1851; Anon., Journ. Linn. Soc, Lond. Bot. 20: 522. 188); Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 502-50. 189); J. Jacks., Fl. Worcester Co., ed. 2, 56. 189; Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost- Afr. C: 133--13h. 1895; H. H. W. Pearson, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 34: 30h, 314, 320, 331, & 357. 1899; N. B. Br. in Thiselt.- Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 231--259, 261, & 262. 1901; Kirby, Brit. Flow. Pl. 147. 1906; Twining, Fl. Northeast. Penn. 2. 1917; Mal- manche, Contrib. ktud. Anatom. Eriocaul. [thesis] 159. 1919; Hand.-Mazz. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 56: 585. 1921; Frémy, Bull. Soc. Linn, Normand., ser. 5, 7: 25--26. 1922; Limpr. in Fedde, Repert. Beih. 12: 31). 1922; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 51 (1): 168—171 [134--137]. 1923; Backer, Handb, Fl. Java 3: 5-8. 192h; Ridl., Journ. Bot. 63: Suppl. 126. 1925; Blewitt, Fl. Water- bury 39. 1926; Krdusel in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 48 (1): 2h. 1926; O. C. Schmidt in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 52 (1): 156 [138]. 1927; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 9 (1): 160. 1927; Backer, On- kruidfl. 1: Handb., Suiker.-Cult. 7: 176--178 & 8h, pl. 186-188, 1928; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 60--61 [h2--h3]. 1928; M. A. Johnstone, Pl. Ecology 65--66 & 159. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 51 (1): 89 & 168-171 (1929), 50 (1): 231—232 & 317 (1930), and 53 (2): 261. 1930; Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 303—306. 1931; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 49 (2): 423 (1932) and 50 (1): 68h. 19325 Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 1, 198, 90, & 956, fig. 107. 1932; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 51 (2): 295--296 (1933) and 52 (1): 786. 193k; Perrier de la B&thie, Cat. Pl. Madag. 21-22. 193; Dole, Fl. Vt., ed. 3, 78. 1937; Alston, Kandy Fl. 76. 1938; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 29. 1940; Erdtman, In- trod. Pollen Analys. 56, [57], & 236, pl. 1, fig. 10 & 11. 193; Le6n, Fl. Cub. 1: 279-281 & 426, fig. 112. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 2--12, 1h, 15, 18, 20, 22, 27, 30, 35--37, 39, 43-5, 57, 60, 63, 66-69, 72, 76, 77, 96, 98, 100, 103, 107--127, 129, 130, 132—1h6, 149153, 155, 166, 203— 207, & 214. 1919; P. R. Mill., Ind. Pl. Diseases U. S. 2: 327. 1950; Scoggan, Natl. Mus. Canada Bull. 115: 146. 1950; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 1, 163 & 523, fig. 9A. 1952; Bond, Wild Fls. Ceylon Hills xiii & 232—-233. 1953; Ikuse, Pollen Grains Jap. 46. 1956; R. C. Foster, Cobtrib. Gray Herb. 18): 39. 1958;
R. McVaugh, N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 360A: 93. 1958; Bullock, Taxon 7: 15 (1958) and 8: 171. 1959; Abeywickrama, Ceylon Journ. Sci.
8h PHTET0 £4.06 PA Vol. 29, no. 2
Biol. 2: 140—11. 1959; Gangulee, Das, & Datta, College Bot. 1: 841. 1959; K. Jones, Taxon 9: 183 & 187. 1960; Beug, Leitfaden Pollenbest. 1: vi, 59, & 60, pl. 8, fig. 7-~9, & text fig. 17a & b. 1961; Faegri & Iversen, Textb. Pollen Analys., ed. 2, pr. 1, 193 & 221. 1964; Nair, Pollen Grains West. Himal. Pl. [Asia Mono- gr. 5:] viii, 35, b2, & 92, pl. 15, fig. 194. 1965; E. G. Voss, Mich. Bot. h: 17, 22, & 23. 19653 Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 2, pr. 1, 163 & 523, fig. 9A. 1966; Faegri & Iversen, Textb. Pollen Analys., ed. 2, pr. 2, 193 & 221. 1966; Nair, Es- sent. Palynol. [23], fig. h3. 1966; Stuckey, Mich. Bot. 5: 105. 1966; Friedrich-Holzhamer & Roessler in Merxmiiller, Prodr. Fl. Stidw. Afr. 15, 159: [1]—-2. 1967; Deb, Sengupta, & Malick, Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 22: 210, 1968; Gunawardena, Gen. & Sp. Pl. Zeyl. 206—-207. 1968; B. Hansen, Dansk Bot. Ark. 27: 29--33. 1969; Quisumbing, Act. Manil. A. (9): 38. 1969; Sanchez Sanchez, Fl. Val. Mex., ed. 1, 77--78, fig. 38-B. 1969; Beard, West Austr. Pl., ed. 2, 25. 1970; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.16: 38—l0. 1970; Matthew, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 91. 1970; Saxena, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 62. 1970; Thaker, Sabnis, & Bedi, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 125. 1970; Thanikaimoni, Inst. Frang. Pond. Trav. Sect. Scient. & Techn. 11: 185 & 283. 1970; Venkatareddi, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 220, 1970; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax,, ed, 2, pr. 2, 163 & 523, fig. 94A. 1971; Fonseka & Vinasithamby, Prov. List Local Names Flow. Pl. Ceylon 29 & 9. 1971; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.18: My & WS. 1971; Kulkarni, Proc. 58th Ind. Sci. Cong. 3 (kh): Abstr. 438. 1971; Rydb., Fl. Prairies & Plains, pr. 2, 1: 198, fig. 107 (1971) and pr. 2, 2: 90 & 956. 1971; Satake, Journ. Jap. Bot. 46: 109—111 [13-15], fig. 1 & 2, & 372--373 [20-21]. 1971; Thieret, Southwest. Nat. 15: 391. 1971; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 1156--1161 & 1163, maps 1775 & 1776, & Ind. 12. 1972; Anon., Icon. Cormoph. Sin. 1: 979. 1972; Bole, Excerpt. Bot. A.20: 83. 1972; C. A. Br., Wildfls. La. 11, 238, 20, & 243. 1972; Clif ford & Ludlow, Keys Fam. & Gen. Queensl. Flow. Fl. 148 & 201. 1972; I. K. & L. F. Ferguson & Halliday, Watsonia 9: 59. 1972; Hamzah, Toha, & Van Steenis, Mount. Fl. Java 8, pl. 19, fig 1& 2. 1972; A. Hansen, Excerpt. Bot. A.19: 245. 1972; Hocking, Ex- cerpt. Bot. A.19: 36. 1972; Sharma, Nucleus 15: Append. 10. 1972; R. R. Stewart in Nasir & Ali, Fl. West Pakist. Annot. Cat. 36 & 825. 1972; Thorne, Quart. Rev. Biol. 47: 370. 1972; Van den Berghen, Nat. Belg. 53 (lh): 157--169. 1972; Widder, Excerpt. Bot. A.19: 259. 1972; Altschul, Drugs & Foods 19 & 352. 1973; Birks, Past & Pres. Veg. Skye 0, 87, 152, 18h, 213, & 218. 1973; Anon., Biol, Abstr. 56 (1): B.A.S.I1.C. S.88 (1973), 56 (3): BASIC. $.28, S.89, & Sly (1973), 56 (6): BASIS. S88, Shh, S117, S.190, & S.256 (1973), and 56 (10): B.A.S.I.C. S.91, S.1h7, & S. 149. 1973; C. D. K. Cook, Bull. Soc. Bot. Suisse 83: 55, 59, & 6h. 1973; R. Kral, Rhodora 75: 382-38). 1973; M. D. S., Biol. Abstr. 56 (4): 1848. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 75, 1259, 1261, 3000, 3006, 3007, & 5374. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 455--L66, hm, 473—176, 479, & 503 (1973) and 27: 63—65 & 67,
197k Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 85
fig. 1. 1973; R. R. Rao, Stud. Flow. Pl. Mysore Dist. 2: 874-876 ([thesis]. 1973; Robishaud & Buell, Veg. N. J. 217, 319, & 327. 1973; Ross-Craig, Drawings Brit. Fl. 31: pl. 46. 1973; W. Stone, Pl. South. N. J., pr. 2, 323--325 & 817, pl. 28, fig. 1 & 2, & pl. 6h, fig. 2. 1973; Asher, Guide Bot. Period. 1 (8): 48. 197; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 290, 292, & 293. 197); Howes, Dict. Useful Pl. 86. 197k; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 57: 678. 197k; Mol- denke, Phytologia 27: hj); & 508 (1974) and 28: 101, 192, for, 426-30, 435, 438, L42—b48, 156, 457, 460, 466, 508, & 509. 197h; H. R., Biol. Abstr. 57: 5680. 197).
The Eriocavlon trimerium of Martius (1833) is apparently a name he proposed to use to designate all the trimerous species of the genus as a group.
Gunawardena (1968) reminds us that the generic name, Eriocaulon, is derived from the Greek, erion, meaning wool, and kaulos, mean- ing stem, from the woolly scapes (peduncles) of some species.
Gangulee and his associates (1959) assert that Eriocavlon may be used as an indicator that Drosera is probably present in the neighborhood. I doubt if this rule holds throughout the consider- able geographic range of the genus!
Alston (1931) provides an interesting key to the Ceylonese taxa of this genus knom to him at that time [the nomenclature has been brought up-to~date]:
1. Plants entirely submerged; leaves linear; heads to 1/) inch in diameter.
2. Stems 1—3 feet long, leafy throughout; leaves 1--3 inches
long.
3. Receptacular bracts hairy; heads gray or white; pistillate petals equal..........E. setaceum var. capillus-naiadis.
3a. Receptacular bracts glabrous; heads black; pistillate
petals unequal... sscccsccsecsscceceseehs intermedium.
2a. Stem less than 3 inches long; leaves 8--10 inches long..... E. fluviatile.
la. Plants of wet ground; stems less than a foot long; leaves
linear or lanceolate. 4. Anthers white or yellow; plants minute...........E. cinerewm. a. Anthers black or greenish. 5. Receptacular bracts acuminate. 6. Heads 1/3 inch in diameter; receptacular bracts hidden by the petals ...e.sseccesecceccccccecseveeceke Longicuspe. 6a. Heads 1/2 inch wide; receptacular bracts not hidden by the PELALS .seeesescccccccscccsseeie robusto—brownianun. Sa. Receptacular bracts not acuminate. CS Lhe: 7. Receptacular bracts (at least the outer ones) hidden by the projecting male parts. 8. Heads 1/), to 1/2 inch wide. 9. Involucre DLaCK eeesscecececccsscscceccesseke atratumn. 9a. Involucre stramineous. 10. Leaves hairy..ssccssecccscceeseeek. Subdcaulescens. 10a. Leaves glabrous.
86 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 29, no. 2
11. Leaves linear, abruptly dilated at the base.... E. ceylanicum. lla. Leaves lanceolate .cecsseccrccceskes subglaucum. 8a. Heads 1/2 to 1 inch wide; stems 3~-l: inches long..... E. atratum var. major. 7a. Receptacular bracts not hidden by the petals which are usually enclosed. 12. Heads with white or gray hairs; bracts dark. 13. Heads over 1/2 inch wide; plants often hairy....... E. brownianum. ([N.E. The hairy ones are now called Ee nilagirense] 13a. Heads less than 1/2 inch wide. 14. Receptacle glabrous; involucral bracts horizontal; plants minute. 15. Scapes 1-2 inches long; heads 1/8 inch wide... E. trimeni. 15a. Scapes 2—l, inches long; heads 1/l Inch wide.. E. truncatum. lla. Receptacle villous. 16. Leaves not drying red. 17. Involucral bracts horizontal. 18. Leaves 1/3 inch wide at base; pistillate petals linear......sseccecesks thwaitesii. 18a. Leaves 1/6 inch wide at base; pistillate petals oblanceolate......H. ligulaefolium. 17a. Involucral bracts reflexed. 19. Staminate petals all well developed, one largest. 20. Heads 1/6 inch Wide sesecccolie solly ° 20a. Heads 1/), to 1/3 inch wide; transverse veins of leaves prominent..E. collimm, 19a. Staminate petals all very small; trans- verse veins of leaves obscure.E. walkeri.
16a. Leaves drying red..e.ssoeeebe quinquangulare.
12a. Heads stramineous; bracts glabrous. 21. Florets trimerous; bracts acuminate.E. sexangulare. 2la. Florets dimerous; bracts acute.E. willdenovianun. Miller (1950) lists the following fungi as attacking species
of Eriocaulon in the United States: Cladochytrium replicatum Kar- ling, in cells of old leaves, a leaf-rot (New York), Endophlyctis texana Karling, in cells of old leaves (Texas), Tolyposporium eriocauli Clint., a seed smt (Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire), and Ustilago eriocauli (liasoi ) Clint., a seed smut (Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire). He says of the genus as a whole "Rushlike perennial herbs in shallow wa- ter or bogs throughout the Eastern and Central States and south ward; sometimes used in bog gardens." The first, third, and
fourth of the fungi probably are attackers of E. pellucidum Michx. since it is the only species of the genus in the states
1974 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 87
mentioned in any abundance. In Texas there are six taxa repre- sented. The Partch 69-l2, distributed as an Eriocaulon sp., is actual-
ly Syngonanthus pittieri Moldenke.
ERIOCAULON ABYSSINICUM Hochst. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon minimm Ruhl. apud N. E. Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 258, in syn. 1901 [not E, min-
imum Lam., 1791]. Eriocaulon ee A. Rich. apud N. E, Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 258, in syn. 1901.
Additional bibliography: Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 502 & 503. 1894; N. E. Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 233, 234, & 257-258. 1901; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (1): B.A.S.I. C. S.88. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 75. 1973; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 26: 456 (1973) and 28: 456 & 457. 1974; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293. 197k.
Brown (1902) cites Schimper 19), and Quartin-Dillon s.n. from Ethiopia and asserts that the species occurs "Also in South Afri- ca", He describes it as inhabiting "inundated places" and "on the mountain plains". Lely found it growing in running water on rocks, flowering and fruiting in October, and describes it as "a small sedge...l; inches" tall. It is, of course, not a sedge.
Additional citations: NIGERIA: Northern: Lely P.786 (E— 1755950) « Ailes
ERIOCAULON ACHITON Korn,
Additional & emended bibliography: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 2: 202—20). 1921; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 51 (1): 168 [134]. 1929; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 51 (2): 295. 1933; Venkataredd, Bull. Bot. Surv, India 12: 220. 1970; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 2h: 339—3)0. 1972; Sharma, Nucleus 15: Append. 10. 1972.
Additional illustrations: Fyson, Journ, Indian Bot. 2: 203. 1921.
Venkataredd (1970) reports this species as "occasional", flow- ering in August