MlfA wvv . wjithitf

TRJCHLTR, ccium STATE

m joj

- J

THE GOLDEN BOUGH

A srui>v sar magic and religion

THtzn sBir/oflr

PART V

SPIRITS OF THE CORN

AND OF THE WELD

yol I

fclACHILJJlN AND DO-. Limited

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itiftONTSf

SPIRITS OF THE CORN

AND OF THE WILD

*Y

J, G, FRAZER, D,C.L„ LL,P„ Litt,I>,

tflLl/JW CM* YfIKz^ <ftLradl' v

rniiriiw* <W swrajir, *:cri;n<»rouxiT tk TJIi !rsiv?.nsnrv of LJVEtHKK.

IM TWO VOLUMES
VOL i

MACMILLAN ANIl CO, LIMITED
5T. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON

DOFVRIOKT

JtJ,' -■ | L iiri'i-.i J.v!y ri)17
firt-T-imr cf Jn r: i . □ rj I o; i

PREFACE

In the last part of tilts work we examined the figure of
the Dying and Reviving God it appear* iti iho Oriental
religions of classical antiquity. With the present Instalment
of TJff Oalsifu JSaugk we pur^Eie the nmf theme In Other
rtsigiens and airtodiq: elbur races. Passing brodt Lite Hast tu
Europe ȴ begin with the rdigtnn of .w.icm Greece, whteh
cmludics iLl. llu.v I’ftLLiilJar eCmn-jlion i:l two Lyoived examples,
the vine-gm) Dionyvuj and Lite corJi'^oddus? Persephone,
with her mother and duplicate Dcciieier. Both of LIiems
G r^ek dlvinfiic* are personi Petitions of cultivated plants, and
a consideration of them naturally luudx us on <o itivestiigjice
similar personifications elsewhere. Now of all tlic plants
which men have artificially reared for I he s^ike of food the
oereats stu On the whole the most impcutaiU ; therefore ir 5-:
ftftltral that the religion OF primitive ftgricuttuial communities
shunld he deeply mloitrod by Hue principal OMUpalEcul OF
thcJf lives, the cans or the com. lienee the Frequency with
which t|s figures oF the t'cmi-mcdhex ;mcl Cam - maiden,
answering to the Dnmeter and Persephone of ancient Greece,
meet its- in nther parts of tile wnritl, and rn>t least of all cm
the harvest -fields of modern Europe, Bui edible roots iis
well as «n*ls have been cultivated by many raccs^ especially
in the tropical regions, ua a subs idJuiy ur oren or ,l pnnrijjaE
nwana of subsistence ; and accordingly they too enter Janjdy
Into the religious iduas of the peoples win* hve by them.
Yet In ibe case of tlic id£>ia,s«ch as yams, taro, and potatoes,

VI

EJtEFA C£

the concept'bn of the Dying e<nri Reviviitg God appeSrt to
fippiH? prflrnjnfcntSy [hart in the case of the crrfetlSj per-
haps for (lit simple reason that while Iht growth ar.il decay
of the one sort of fruit ro on above- ground for nil to see, the
siimLuj prcHStiSes of the Other arc bidrtun ucuicr ground and
therefore strike the popu]fii iuujiiution less foetibiy,

Hwvsflg surveyed the variations of our main, theme ifaou-g
Etc agricultural rioS of mankind, we prosecute the enquiry
amOtig tavagies who remain more or loss com pleteiy in the
hunting, fishing, and pftfrtorfti slJLgea of society. The
motive which leads She primitive husbandman to adore the
«rfH or the fonts, induces the primitive hunter, fowler, fisher,
□r herdsman to adore tlw twasti birds, or fishes which furnish
him with the means of subsistence,. To him the conception
of the death of Etc-ss worshipful beings i s naturally presented
with singular frn-ce and distinctness ; tin&i it Is no figurative
or allegorical death, no (Kjelitil embroidery thrown over the
sfceSetcn] f but the real death, the rnM stcfllKfoUj that con-
stantly thrusta it?cSf Hnportu nately on hh, attention. And
strongs ilk it may stem to us fiuilbed moio. the notion of
the immortality and even ™ tht rrourrcetloo of the- (ourer
animals appears to he almost" as familiar to the savage and
to he accepted by hint with nearly as unwavering a frith as
the obvious latt of tiwif death and destruction, For the most
part he assumes as a matter of eoucS* that the souls of tfea J
an [mala survive their debase ;, hence much Of the thought
nf the savage hunter cs devoted to the problem of how he can
beat appease the naturally [fieenyid ghosts of his victims SO
M to proven* them from doing him a mischief. Tbia refusal
of the anvage to recognise in death a ft ml cessation of the
vital process, this unquestioning faith in the unbroken On-
tfauily (if all life, id a fsiel that has not yet received the
attention which it seems to mru-H from enquirers into
the cnnx'Jtlidon nf the human ElliM as well art :iUU the-
history of religion. In the foltowfrsg pages [ have collected

FRE^A C£

TJ

t'rf thf* curious faith . 1 must teave if to others to
n[pprjipg= them.

Thus fin (hr whole wn irr cnrwc'flrnftd In these YnliimrtS
.with the reverence or worship paid by men to ihn natural
FescoifCCS from which they draw their nut rSiJie.nl., both vfege-
tibfc and an-luiaE. That they should invest these KwurKt
with on BtEnDspbcTir of wonder an-d awe, often indeed wiih-a
halo cl divinity, -s f.o matter for surprise-.. The circle of
htituin knowledge, illuminated by tEir pile cold Sigh; of
rcaso::, tS3Q Infinitesimally smafl, Che dark, regions of human
lgnjorstfioe which iie beyond that luminous ring Are Sb
measn rably vast, that imagination fs fain to step up to the
border Einc and send the warm, richly coloured beams of her
fairy lantern -streaming out into tte darknes* ■ and so h
peering into the gloom, she is apt to JHiislafre the shadowy
reil-Edjor.s of her own figure for tea] beings iTitoving 1 iu
the aliyhi. In altott. few .men are sensible of the sharp
line that divides (he Inpwit finm tin; unkftuwn ; to outset
■men ft is a bajy botvlerianrl where pe r-rseptiosa and cnstcen-
tiati lr.elt JudEssolubiy into one. Hene-u Lu the savage the
ghcKtn -nf dead animus and men, with which hi= Lm^ginaLser,
peoples the void, arc hardly Lews real than the solid shapes
which the living animals and men present to hii senses - r
eiid bis thoughts uid activities are nearly as much absurL«aS
by the one as by the other. Of him it may be «ud with
gierSiaps cv-zn greater truth chan of his civilised toother,
"Whttl shadow* wc arp, and what ihacfowi we pursue 1 "

But having said sn much in this book of the misty g o:y
which the humart Imagination sheds rmttud the hard rtUiteriaL
realities of the food supply, ] :i$n unwilling to leave my
readers under the impression,. natural but errcm*Oll% thAi,
man has created most of his god* out of his belly. That is
nut Sp at least that is rot my reading of the history of
religion, Arecmg (he vkihle, sarLgihk, perceptible dements
by which be is surrounded— -and it is only of these that E

PREFACE

'riai

presume to apeak — there are others than the tnttely nulrj-
tioiis which haw carted a poi*vrful infineeee in touching
his imagination and stimulating i«.Es energies, anil so have
contributed to build up the complex fabric of religion. To
the juewivBtwn of the species the i eproductivc faculties
are no ic^o csstmtijil Utan the nutritive j and with theua At
rater on a very difleront sphere of thought and frcEing h (a
wtl, the relalfuii tif the kkc* tu each other., with all the
depths cf tenderness and all the infrid 3 .te prubkfn* vrticti
5h*t mysterious rtUtiftn involve-;, The study or the various
forms, some gross and palpable* S&m« subtle and elusive, in
wbsdi "his von it! instinct baa moulded the ntiEgiouv eon.
seiouseess of our race,, ]* on? of the nldst interesting as it k
one Of tire most difficult and delicate tasks, v/liirh a ail;: the
future historian r-tHgkni.

But the influence which Ihe &Vx.e* esert on each other,
intimate &nH profound as it has heen and must at way* k

far indeed ham exhausting llie forces pf Attraction by which
mankind ins Imimi! together in society, The need of mutiul
protection, the econotsEe advantages; of vu- operation, the
corvtagmn -of example, the cormnunlcalhm of knowledge, the
g-rcat ideas that radiate from gre^t minds, lake shafts nf Light
froiri high lowers,— thcjn; and uiany other things combine to
draw men into corafmmltfej, to drill them into regiments*
and 1o set i/hem marching on the mad of pre^re^s with a
coventrated farce to which iht ioosc skirni issuers of mere
anarchy and individualism can is ever hope to oppose a per-
manent tesfit&nct. Hence when we consider how intimately
humanity depends on society (Of* many of the boons which
it pikes :rj.ijst highly, we shall probably ndmil that or all
the farces open to rwr observation which have shaped
human destiny the influence of man on man is by far the
gTcateat, If that is so, it seems to follow that Aiiwrng the
heEsig-^ resi ur inagiitiijr, which the religious imagination
baa clothed with the attributes of divinity, human spirits ore

fJt£FACE

u

|ik«ly to p!ay a mere important part titan the spErtts d"
ailin' :i-s, or : nnr^m ;i L« r:l v I heMs-vc: [halt n.

xn- i-fiil exasiiErii'. Liutt -of the evidence, whkh hut atiLE to be
ondprU^cn h will mu firm this wroclnuon - ,md that if we
c-Jtild fiTticily interrogate the phantoms tyIiuiSs ".Lit himniii
nuir^ baa conjured wp wt cf the depths of its boltomSess
jjjiictar.n^ ilcilL e.tshrfsied lh deities in the dfni ILghr of
ttfBpdes,, wc shnuSd find that the majority < j \ them have
Jxcji rtOlhhsg’ Vat the ghoEt. 1 ; of dead nvsn, Hcrfiraver, lo
SSy this is rfCccssSsrdy to APtidpate the result of future
research ; and ff in saying it I have sutured So make a
jioeiiwtsuc, which like ah predictions is Liable to be falsified
by the event, I hiiVfl dbil* SO only from a fair iiit, without
sems ^uett A-srininc, the numerous facts recorded in these
vntuntes might Send tlftmseives to ^n. exaggerated climate
oT their uk-h importance and hence to a misinterpretation
and distortion of bitlOfy.

Liijjiixir :;j-., 4 ;'i jldlsy rg : i.

j. G. FRAZEFb

CONTENTS

PltPACB , Pp- v-ix

Chafteh L — Dionysus . r Pp. 1-^4

th*< ate Hepivlng £t>d$ ns-f U|i>:ni Of tt«, pp-, t jf , j ihs vi :£-£.-3 Lfijnyju; a
TJinriifl dully, i-tp.; Diinijiii a jod of i : ess*. « cm iiail y CreiL Ue«. J
jy. - llicAjtuh . itd -it agilmiljijiL, : iri is H i"nau-.Lji-liT. is bk «rt j!et,

1 i ipl- ut .lie FTLUuihw:ii[; £iai 1u tsuiEk Ldi-ili. j- i [ ? die uf ’its werinun
l*g-Si* fn I hr mr* rt Diiiftpmt, PI if- : ifc*lh *Hil i^urMcikm oT

IJij:i;,:i: :n Tuytt ami ia-lfi-; fJintSrtMt « t ImiLI. rt rf. s

[Jiujy.'ii 11 * pmi h 17 ] -fifHtira ■ >t *ii^ devouring unLiniii

acd m:n as * r'rijgitBrt. rilu In Ciwrttf . Arp=ri^ »nJ q-S-sa !■

bJu iuk-iillCipiMl JtMP( rpf ?ut!i pjfrnmp, *a , hunm.-" :i :rihi cL in Lb*

wi i-lihi of Di-inviui, ;h r,j : Itjerdi or" ] : ti; nE" J ind Ly-ajrfrjj, 34 tg . ;

wnvi«:d at Dkeiyi re rilsj rir.on;; Iru rvxssa Tlin^inn pc»^i'-- | rj 1 ;

ilfeiluijj- af :hetf mwJ«m cekdkuh Lo the sHre d" Dioaynn, *tptd*ll|y
19 she feiLTji rt the AntlreiLgrli, s<a-J 3 \ Moulds 4 ta«ip=i fc»ciii*ita Lu

pb[ -HiOflkip K I'sioTtJlWf prHn^|if »n izjiiinlF:r]iirr$»H™ii *f rhml,

11 #.

CHAYTEk IE. — IOMETER AND PEkSEtTiOS £ Pp. 35-3 I

J 3 k l^im«3c to JWflr, 35-37 | Lu fliiL 10 enplti.- tin faimdaLitti trf Llrt
;.l:U!vriRn misitiMt tiv Slcmisisr, 37 .7. 1 rerclauoii □! IIk rapttl pup

«r izota ns tha Pii^iir pjppp, }K iy, ; B™i'« pJnl f'-iibtphoi*
lim 4 ih tofn, 31 ff. t Dtmttfw «p itp KbmCfic hymn KiL ihe EjiLh-
pT-idtti, 4c if, : she YrfJow Etnutfi at tht rlp 4 *i tlus tluintiin{[-
rtiwr P pz if- ; rhu Crein Ek-imtnr «f iht (jt*<n tam. 437- ih* ca«J.li

f gilriL UCSKlH 1 ! fniS:!!, %* If 1 I ■:■■!: |£lin ■ ff IlMIUHl. lilt iltfuad SJemUldr'l
kite. *3,1 o.Thi lu-J fofpir: 35 symlpifli [\-mbIpi, ij. ; JVrtPpTuine
|k:i u, yotiif; cDm iprauLinc Inn th» [;i 4 Md, -n- 1 : lltmtlEr

c n ■(■■:,! kcr 4 l^ 1 Li .1 r . : :iL rjTildt! LeidrE the ablUmhlS ^lH-lhj], if, ; I'eiiiVl' of

IPuUih. .-.jj fox sis c:sc:d". or PtPRpbcM at the- wtunvd iiwmE L t*> \

*-\

lii

L':imt.k-e|Ter in|;> nf lijie jnin prcieElriJ to Osmi-rr by Greek r*jififlti i::er
ijip liufVKt, id iK : -dale ?r :*sc rSfepngs* in if, t'lhe find-lti: t*. oIResc
lu 1- RUI3nm L bcOPOCir Ifcit b I lie trn^n «f jj>.i 1 1 1 ; 1 1 i .1 r Jik‘;

4&*p, t IhfrfcltfTlJ cT Iht Pmfmia [l d Pet™ the PSa%hlB£ M J
hold At J-:it_sii :ti lion cur ol Diiaeirr, (» 5 Jj |MibSr ofles 1 -i(r> *f die
fllM-frnrts of Ih bcrTry iruL wfieit *4 ItabGIHH' ltd I 'ti M pfco Ht Beusu,
53-56; the ilLircaraPi; generally }nli«i«l !0 hut* ips«£ llw Steer# I edge of

U-cJirfCtL t Elf| of Jhr 0J1PI» irpiipj; maiiH.iu£ r j fl-jH ; lV §Sdia*=i

«ed Rtrri^er with the seed. com »r.d FpneHte** «■•!* 'ihn ri|id ten*
5E .y, 1 dEftruily ur itisllnpretaine. iniwrtn if*t> WB-ftidiJeKes, jij 1

liie time of fw When the Ihu-fnihl w**« CilTilttl V> Denneler und Fir.
seplwn# pE EkHAU UHflMWTl, if Jtf, f hf Lilt TMesbingflwr
I 1 □ \ ad fi-ivd-j ; ihp {Stem Vi:ili*u_ laid 3 bc iciLnuS of ll - e

l 7 o r ■_■:.■! 1 .1 : -:t Monet, 6j : epdKct j- of Titirt'cp effort l® di? com, 63
ly. ! Anriept modem UKef lb( flw cam-step* dtpLod ot. pcuod-jn
»r«i imUfit of DshitEIE, ^ if, ; tiicied mtirlier of 2s ui nod Dsir«:«r

.pd “.Ir'-n.n, fi.J.’il ; 1 1::: Elcuki liilri Rubies uLifhCL i lu.il Lie HiC iiirrili II

myAprifi, i&:dbe Klmibbe ipuhni tiMid lii Dmeter m2 FSntfkmr,
7P i TriiSCilSmMt Ehfl iflftMrt ham trf nhsemi, 72 j^. ; pruta of Wey
gin-i if Helens pit the IJlfeitLiLis games, 73 -Sf- V Ihe Ancestril ContceS
l|i ihe juutm ^:crl! .| !. n cormpeLiimn I ct.- ecr zeupsr, ?| tj. ; -qeifn a?
Km toil lEi'.woii ul mui =ab L..1O5*:, JJ 77 | of ihr J7. gn=^|.

..nrirl me,, J7 ; fjuniki nl’lii! Ahl btsUlibl jh:i :uj of Lh* iTime, T7 ,-f. 1 ll:e

mfHtrifl nWlf Ebui the EH*S, 78 ifL ; the qudnDDil period

»f niuuy of is (pej: niinoi of Greece lived on the ett tjrrr,

j't t.21 \ the untie inr :rtuL:::i^ the riyfil yrnti cjolo wiLt
Si->4 r the quidriennoJ <wl liieiaiii ierir..!t of die (Jiwk i;.imei p»efc-
Lilly -ihii.iiiu ny ha.MSiCre !:i:<c:k u* af :'ir ootenn'sS syr« P 04 •¥) ;
Ljiphicniiorn. of :>cte oanelusiocG :o the LlEntiniin (Sy 17. ; Vouelp

on Hi* zvlw of adecsis r Sd - r Lt? tesrr.Wince iift« :i:n Lhr AtlifTC tt|tfj- ;ir
DeoieLcr i»l lie«st |iliwK li- f»>rtiiir cr Ibrir iwlwKntiil i^cpjiii^ up
jpvl. lessee -rf Ihe cocf. v; RtnldejMS or the oootn rrrmri.*T cn:|

rhTfejfdionc onrac ;c he u ;o, uith Lhc edtos of death tiid ;i;-r;rr«. :'...r ,
■pn Jf.

Ceiapter. SEE. — Mmskal Sugnsficawce of

IK PlLlMLTJVt AGSiECULTUKE , Ppt f}S-I E5

■i tSaiifi plljfci] at Nn^eaJ tttenwMfs 3U fNfiflfie (Ilf Etfwit fl Iht aoja, ptj

the }Ci.pTi=i nf Cenrlril Barnpr. * jiiiuiijivH: ^Luul'.UiiJ p*i(ilC| *b™.
PeElpnii 14 odmned hy Iheir ti;ritll|."reL grs »J. f itra fiiramieiltK Lafl
ubow Li Hieing^ f 3 if. f Ihrir games and nsquciadra il adving, r
i|tt Ksrfirt ^le * 1 Vesr resilyT-l, $6 ff ; Dr, Sieiwffirtulb oft Mfi tef'vui
Kt L^kiui Lf;iii£iiinpp Ihe Kii-ar- pimra, ff f tli-r lvpi, t:i ^^Tinili'

1 -i'jl pc:i|jlr ar Ccttilmi Kn * 1 Cwirte*, M >$■ i BipsraiiUwa priniBxt
ulipi nril |:y t!v: tvu fof the good if ute :ctj sji. 1 LiJ'.v.'is ftyed

Lnilaitfriti tflt |iy the Xni it. t:der In ^toxaie Lite grouih of the sa:e

COSVTE

xiii

mil puns IPP-IBI; l»lr* 1oU ly Ifcp Vil'j.lll ^ 9^e»iSl In prralure
Khviv^hl C™p P l^H V- ; (ift:Tiiivr 4-f fJLl nnil imperative ipeih, id-; ;j •
UJi eJdiilHiEl iKifhr :iM|uiLkr;n Pip fhilra -of Lhr enrih, it* xy-. J^lnfiidj;
m no tcilmlLtr.J ukurm. I*?; aaainjy I he KnyMH U> lie tltly C-pcrki,
<«? *t- !' «Iib inAirtit fau^hing nl F>:«, In* sf, ■> ►hr inixsi-'b tif lbs

Silra» fr.lii ±£rle H lLuti rOnhieirit by nodem anningL;, i ro if.-\

L&d snued dusii ai Lhc Elc-tdliyidm tijiletia: tiimpuud sc ihe m.itlteiS

JuIilii- at a£rltali..ua 5 hni^| iji ra,

CHAPTER [V.-^-WQMMJf'S PART IH FRIHITTVE

Agriculture „ Fp, rij'ijo

pOWllfciLhd] HJl' I .If fflTi U tffmnlne inmtlaii.LS ^[Ibinni l:y wriTTiiin'l p*M
rn primitiw npHccIcurt. i tj : in muy lr,tm *:jrr-n fvre jrvil kxw

(if p--j:n5, JIJ] lagricvilunL an, Si done by itcenES: In Afri*i t Uj.lJiL,
in- Sffltfe Atiitst^k i*s IJSi in leti'ini Ne* Liu mu, and Fi>* BriC-iini

Jbi ay. i*ilcvj(lnp 4F ettlluiraj WAfli liSkKi nitn *H.J >L<mcn iu i.|ie

Jovian Aii:l'. r p-'i;o. 12 e; Jirsty; savages ir. me bnnLhiQ ,i.-.yr «-.rnn
<«•*«« I^b tdlbSf wtda nnrJ ji;c ns a,-.wnr it: Ci:ixc:_<_ Iadmnt «M
!hr A'lurljjlneP irf Auitrjlii, I ia j iS | ^rpEuiisn: perhapa L<i|j :iu|r:l :n
(£►? iliyriiij. mi.i fpiiii, ItJ j?. fLhe c’lHon-Tfr? nf tmicilLor: pntf&tilv
d™ tfl wpfnBn, raj -TwimfTi nr jcrkndtiiral Iqhfmi irneng list Arjaai
nl flur-j|-r, 525 ; l irryb oTHoerltna nF the Cbm Cold ea probably diaa tu
a ample |jrr,nLHW^ip4ii ft lb? rrm, 1 3£? ny.

Chapter V. — TiaiL Cor s - moth FH the

CORH-M AIDES (W NORTHERN fTlJPOFE Pp* 3 .3 I - E 70
LLjiBcfcsT nr Dta^Ker'a name, ijc ; barlty hed pri;ina| gtfiin TJI xp ; the

Cbn-gKefccf nlr-rd-r; l|-.i t J 'ji:m.i. J uli't iktDn, 4 iIt Cbm (<inillda

la the lilt sbeaf. jjjij; ; tb± HaiMMt-mr)theF h (be Gran Wrtbet cr iht
GranfenLber in me lu: sheii, 333 iy. ; Lhe Obi Wfrntaa fir ilu Clc Mail
in (Ik lut tr.u.i, : j 6 l jS 1 x^F.niiheitioa c 4 Lhc id* t;<|ra with Mi: ana-
- j-irii, 116 if. \ die l.'.iL ji e.ir «iijf UBLiu&lt} liu^ mnE he*yj p [39 17 . ;
the CurlitK a.nd the- hkirien In iikrnlAnd, ■ 4.0 ■; tha Did Vi'ifn | < 7 n +.-^|.
I.L hupeit [d :rir Id j [111 Li rill : fit jn:..jllii,:., Ijn: II’.;; | Jt; la.

PemirroiiES.'ni2E, 142- 14^1 i ibe Cailty bl buy tv tn Am«m, Uil Lne Old
Wnn.1221 l.'fj'Se! r.: iiutest Lmon(r it.: Ulan nnd LiL'^hinn:, 1 14 if . ;
tbf Cotijj i^'bLUM i±xJ i [33 ’•=•!. j.:*=u Id. iLuiij, n u l^i.iE:i, |y, a|u!

Erelatil, : if: If. I the ctim-f.jilflc a ihu Old! Wnimqni <tt n|i3 Man at
IbnedmuE. 1 47*1 go; the cem-ipltil at a (hild *1 hn»' 4 EJa xy. i tile
JM cien rut tailed tie mii, the i.-tw, ue die riurri n txrirys yon: -J
Ur^hni, ScuLlaml, «a,l iicJtJ, ijj 155 f ibe 1«J turn cue ciIkI Lht
Ataiiikn in lit Ui^landt od buitljm!., [55 1 (: - r rha i-iiii-^ fit the luxe
fxn, miltd tie dfaci ihtai, ley A lnuVrUlh' re. I £? Lira ; ibc com aaiHt
*( a bride at m htice ja:l bride^tiomh. !6J-]tijr LKe tornupbi:i m Lhe

contents

liii.lJr Satin sf Lbr Old Wife aid the bidden sTtnul^nesv^lv 3,1 lumil til
thr tlLgUindi of ^CDtiand, id+ iij ; nnalcgy ■:■!' lhe lament cuk™ii in
the if-'irg cdsic r.is cf JiLiope. t&fff.i the r|:ri-^ in:! Shc-ietI euiir.m-
ui K u : L< [>: i»C pitis &£ n. fcirtutivit heathen ilLunl, TbS% uniik-. (if c. prTTii
I Hr, rir.-j.i * !nt*2i mb In be Jus ml lb iLrwe P-Aluls*, ! £9 jy.

Chatter VL — The Coret-mothesi ipt matty

LAKCS t , , P]3. [ ? I'll 3

| E. 7Xf r^m-m^Jirr iM A'Btri/c, fop IJt’tJJ, — The Sit * | it ■ rani k^r, Llin

Qfli™-iw?K*r, (b# OettnusUuf. w*l iM PgoUo-itrtft« enricof ft*

hYinviin fuduXM, \Jl-bJ4i IM ilaur-|{(^ldisA : JiJ lhe blkict-^Od ij
I In: Meslcblli. lbs fkiui uji_-Ji£i muviiiS Lhe Meilb Aiinjikuu

Lmlinrj, XT?.

J Z, I?it Afvfi*r-(litfr!i rn tbf f'xn/arti, p, IJi

£ 1 7 b tferUp grisSt antaag I'.in dSf^n, pp.. rT'-fi-nStv

S 4$ T/kf fita-rtstAw i-v tie /*&€r, ppi — Tbr |i..'i:r:LirtiT

xlriwf cf I be rice bued an m Witf Chat lit Tire u mhbbIbJ m

cad, e 3» iSn 1 rire trir.UJ by Lhr InHamiuns u if k wete 1
aoxim, LE J, ry, i. Lbs Kajfi~i nf tfeiL^rtrl nr Lhr kuL

of the ritTj ifl-l ■ 1 Hi j inM^jiH-ciJr i.-eiriinuril Irf (ho KrTITH bcfeiHf
r-'"jir.[\ tfiS xy, ; mmpnriuin c?F the Eijsn mu.|:i. r.vle with I lie. Jllru-
sipimn J r-ini l jB? xj. 3 HTTunig ihc spbI hf 'h* nwM'K lbr Psnki'af
glrrllirTn Hour*, lAH if, ; rtrtllitfi Eh* **4 $1 Etc < c£ ifl Burnt,

3 59-S9I; Ibt aefiung Ebe KiWE tf»<T*nc{T (4 lVj hiI'H, sgi

jy. : lie Jt^e-neLlicr lil..:zjj Mbe TCnuc i nf (frsli::,. J u J ; Jpeeasl wurik
ain! lE rrj|:.n C eir.iieg [he Tcniihi, I ■; 1 ; cbdjdliri slid U*i in In eCMiizien.

■ttiib lb* Hw h I P +3 she «nonc Ehe Tcrtdja* of CUbirt, ngq

if. i die | iie |9rJM.%.lif<i ri w yaung, smui jUDLOg the IjiiAki « EJiS.Mre,
j()i> i Ehe cJ iIm K ll MiTidtln.% i?j j Lhe SUn-BrnhEX jcdEbe
Kicie-dtLId aX bkitaiE Lu libs. Kuihy ."uuuLaulr., 3fT-I»J l!.r jfjei-bdde-
UTif. the Kic&-bHdrigrxiDQi »: hdn’iexl' Jn [*«, igg-actj ; the m-t^eiii a\

buxbacd. in£ vLfe ia Jis.IL end. Lambb's, ; the ?&:»( b.id SPsihsi

of Ide Pi.:t didos^ the Sds nr Ej: ji:., 103 :y.

|j t%4 Stiri* flf (he Cbrt nMU jA Ilttrtw pa. iE 4 iaJ.~C)1d

■uuh L i n$ rt(nranEnliim of lbr Corn goddess nmccg (be Mnndaos end
MiLniim.-ir, 4EH14C ; FUlkAs myi h rtf (hr ton-tjiirit ia thn TniH'i esf aa
(lid man, Wti ifi

g b. J?t< /Jjtritf FtrtS’ufiixiipx Y xir Cwn nx Mefher wt4 I3mi ig&iey, pp,
Jtt*f-*l J.- — AnsJncy *f Dnubu uml PemuphoftE w> Lhe Curn-mubei, ihc

le.irvoiE muilrn, ird rimllir tprfs ID ite b,rv(vl LulElcih uT m l-z.
Kuni|»ait "cejH-L-y, laj-TO^ [ Ds raster perhips the ripe (En^i aifJ p ur
sephon the wid-mni, Slkj ij, j ijt (be G-rEst aijibirb! ooii^[iu«ri of : -.c

CONTENTS

K*

earn r.'-y hum 'e::ii Juptiuiei ,t iun I he unbuild Li.iiQjpLMr- .ifi^ict
purdj aPlIi^ijcinjDrptiif, = 3 1 ■ z i J*

CHATTEH VI I — LtTTY ERSES . . P[>, Slj-26c)

g | r JSj fr+ » j?,' j-.ic Cvtrr RnJCtI r |.f. ITi-IlS.- Popular h*IC<r: ud vllil*£c

l-i enclnat ITjyypti Syiin, end I'hrvuin. :ij ly. 4 iiinerrii, 1
■jl;: ritif? tong ■-■! L 1 ! | jy j- : : z_— . r::.|'d^., 215 ly. ; Linos or Ailinus, :. plMniive
iLnp 1 ;! RiHinijB Tyila"iri, v [6 ■; BoriGUi, n pfaintlm wn),' nr Munm
dyncir re l pen ■ n &l!iynst, t Ifr

j j, JCiifptg (Ae- Cfj-.'- J-jiJ Wc r pp. 2 1 4-3 jfi. —The Legend of LLyerceiy 2 reHe-rilon
■ji a tiiygiiu ciuimji of kjlljrf; &c;uigui& il Ilmvui h diL'bvdlifceiii* uf
lh» rm, ^jilrLr, ari-iifl-; ccncr< 4 f -tmnry hfliTHleri >, under rm: in tnc
i( nr (Mr wmIl, 2:3 220 , ciuhim of whipping op in CM&-tnika (he
1*11 rmiitf, binder, or Lhreihcr, iJO'iJi ike- cam-spiti. 1 !, driven mi! nr
lln Lain earn, li'es in Lhe bur, Lhmugk :!•« i-minr, zii 1 similar ideas
iu rlic Idh coca tn I nriln, aa a y. , (be •: orn fcpltic :upp*ied 10 be hilled a*.
Hasiini! of it'fMhi:;-:, 2j3-2.es:; Bbe -oora-ipitil :epf«tc.:u:l hi a. auiifts
itt lisiior io Ite harteid'-nt-ld, caj.jiy j : amam of Lie T a rite mire
tec fun al horinj, pluu^ifinp,. ud lartrFi. pretence made by

reip r !!' of killing Kudu one Tflili itnir t-cylfHn. ary- ~j , ; [mL-cnco irndh by
ibmbero of closing eon»* n™ i^ith |h.i T ftul*, ±301 suric^ observed li
:fce mid ier. hr rue it ri UininniJ’, '.be spirit uT l'-- c^t. conceived

■1 |Htor Jirl icbbril hrp 1 hr tt-tpOi*. ajj ry- : ihiiiii! ctf :1m com InH on Ike
hMvyt>-IM 4 hr tl»f«»yf*ril. Pifl-134 j Unit l> 4 ldi 4 pniUm tyltiiMed

far ipiriLl irijitds- ±Jpi. ; Iiciilsc | . ■- r 1 1 1-. : : ■ Lite dci£iu£lur cl ftu;rtnJ ln~l» .i- sl
firo-fiuN-: fm-BwiKanH npiriit, a 34 /$, : pxhdng aiffnififi|-t irnbcrl the
Rjiitir efriid |s«(iiicir-riMI, «K *f, ! sub lihliy; ei Lhe pttff.nal rtprttRife-
tii± of me o&rTL-ipirlr, a jh.

( Jtaifjih Satttjtcti Jar tht Ctsfs, pp ijA-agr, — II. hum. rotfilim hit lh<
crop* ic Semh and jlnkerioi, oj'j 2 j 3 \ bumas. lite.tiici fot- me

erupt- -i-nionij Llic ry. 1 hu^rar. '.icri'cn drrr Lie ciopi Id

Afti'j, ajr> ff. 1 buana (denfieti fct ibe crxipt -t the Pbilt|'pJoc-a r 240
ry. i Vnma h'.sHF.su far '.he OEitpx Lnioeg ihe- Wild ft:i nf knr.fct,
1-51 24 -J | b-cirun »: nfsti Tor Lhe- cn|-s j-nimre U:s Slum of indu-Chiis.
»»•# Ihe S:i|pif pj|H ntbnr Iribes of [ntfh B :n 7-ifii h'.nran ;:cri:ic:; fnr
|Lc trjjji iill 1 In: Khunilij tyj ? qy \ la Lbt-^ Khond ebcihn:ci- Lie
-tfeilits ■[7»nr hn«e bwn rermnled ns -diftne, rir-s; 1 - mm- of lie
14 vitlftt*l!i» «f lit Inaiu victim- with the jpd in richer uoriioea, 231.

i A- C*rm-EjtirfS r.Wru in k' * ii ttVf.ih A'lpmtxrtnirtvt , |f:. 351 -±fc).- A=iT^y

■af Ul«f barbirain rita tn lie iu«M<i idMOriii of as I itf-. 3

aTj-trsWninSueor Lie corn-ipiiiL tbLitKnp 1 H- hstvfrl-HhM, ait ry. 3
the vlCL|t» wln> ro]ir«er:Lei ibe cornr4|ifi| *eiy tMtt) beyn *, pndin^
uf I hr- reefer, Linder, <x (limlieT rf Llw law ami, 1

|f*rhyjH ibe victim titmHsltjf lUertfined m ihe cbnriei of lie cocn -spirid
duy lut-« Ijetn [be Icing hanie^, j cy : rria.iwi -al" Lilys-ae-s Lo Aitis^

coflf r/i.vr.^

JJS if. 1 taw* flprtttaftikdies ut bub wmihIIj sLiln, 156.*?, : imiloriLy
of 'ib= SilhrfllM ti^tra j: id t"ht S'hrycinrL Abis, zjj ; >iic Fiiaenkih?
J.IhLn l-.lrt.!: In' ] v-iili .Uihji, who :njj hove Lcm r.rmu&ll/ :Eptiv:nLEd
hy a. hiimum «cdm, B<Si jy. | thaa D- t&M r v (Otitis) anniuJIy

rr |T 1 «Tl <1 !m, A lilJiHaS liklim, Zdy-Zt-: ! dL bliLin vkdLZiJ

IliiIii- eiiia whiul; :Ksy npcesdc:, 3 A c iy. 1 reauiiu c; viEticn suikr«c.
Him Ll:~ Jirlrl: la irtilaa Lhem. z 5 : jy. \ I’h: block ind Osiris I&e
Llif Us;* slid gl :«(. I^ISt'.K, JtJ i iSs fcry !J iit DiyniciiH jl CiilK
I van Jill fell bp l±* txiMillfei-.'ini ±1 lliv lanptPt Ail llip 4*n|||| (k-A'b. uf I'hc

■viD-kjAi it, 263 if. : •' r-iyiitp llht Nrck * he b*.ivdii is I ifrOKJiLi:, 2(4-
aCj ; EUELinj; " sbE Secli" in L'dir.bri.liish in ir.J S 4 rojishiTi f zdf if. 4
why ah: .ill com in cr.!l«i s . “iie ii:el:. " i6i; cn ni LhE reapers ia
(jiriiuuiK, *&n

Chapter Vfll. — T he Cor tf- Spruit Ah

Asimal , Pp.

| |. Animat Et/t*edi"\ct*fi *f ti* CenwjWVV ppi tj'r fj. — Tk* corn jplrife In
Llio form- nf fen nni-mfeJ nrpp*sei| hn Inr iwfvfhI rq rti* l-i=i r.™ ml or
l":i:Er-"-.:i! . aid to Ik or fcilhii by livt rir&TKr rr llitibfr, 1 7-0 r$ ,

§ J- TAt CfrAApinf 11 j <1 FKii^f *r i j'|' Zjr-!7J. ‘flic CDH1-lf"U rj «.

n-Hjf :ir :l dijg sufifriu^i 1'j c _ . : !r. -o_; ri rn± com, 3 -■ j jf. ; lbt cora-syiriL

ki 1 i!.(j ui r±ip.n^ and ibirf'.izjr. etz jy. : Lht r::r..i|: ! ■ t ns a ’o'.i it
rtap:>Ti[;, y. 1 Lliu mm spiril »s : r»n|f feirirrfl r»w 1 nr fciPcri nt iIiceki'

Jngi. 274 if- r tli'' twpi-wU nt b-i-Tri?:7 Iri Frmr*, ItJa; tlw

h.lkd nn hrife > 4 T 1 k:i - fiElfi, q tlw ■! radwmli-, f

13- Tkf Carx-tpri! at a Cfit, |jf, Tl|t m ± emA slwirg

in :|h WTD| Iffj 1 *W ¥ 0 O|-«|ii«iS M H wk Hi iauvnL, t'jb jj. ; Llif cmr

Fpirit Viiiwi in rVr ri^-ni n IvL-^-t-vk, 3? J if

i + 7 A i Ceru-tfMt at * fftrt, pp. 7 Jij- y. — Tin cipivgpirfl a> \ Iiite k rao-
Inf, 379 if. 4 Iht bom-spirli i; a h^F Vi^lrrl ir» ilia Imi mm r-i<i 7S0.

g 5. Tit Carjz- ifisif n, u c*t, pji. 2S0 iy. — :nrn 11 a cnL sinl -.p |n

1 hr L-Lini, iHd ; 1 h= Ejirn-spirk. ai 1 , ui ji rup-inp nnU 'Ih liIiI.'it, 2 K 1.1 ^.5

I iii* r::rfi-ipi:L! an 1 ML >S: 5 «I Ml ■H.piii| I ' and tllKflvif, s^r
f -i. Tbr Ctrf-tfifit *i d Coot, pp. zfir-zSii. — The :err. sp-.n: ki ite Icwl. if *

iqris: Bvruiiii|£ llno-j^i lac Ltiia -ur i^L.iit^ Jn id, 3 7 - 1 if. , ibe Lulli-^'ii! 4

rajpinc rnd 'tiiniiWiB iSw- c^n, aSi fy. j is* »fn-ipiHc ii ihn fliirtJr
Gout in 5 kyn, aSi nf - ; iha W)rn-*piifel kiilcd u u pistl Tin i.fc honra.
fwkr, ^iiwi-jriit luppossJ St lurk oraa:; iha cjih in iha fttffi

ilA! hn >1 rr^ii 'ir'l'jj, ih± fleJE ui ;l:i':sl:ii:p, , the cnm-piii |.osicd mi
4m l nci^liixmc wbu l:u DLL liii. aheri bk I li-v -Ir i|-, i-ii :y. z sbe l :'. 1 : r. []■■ "3 1 :
fcUlrt i! llq^rifi, t e&J l^luEikn </ ViIjIhj- v. tp»t pit

=£i-

ttWTEvvrs

JCV3I

{ ^ J"*± Arif, fm, «- C^, pp, rSB iiji. -The Lmii-^jh:^ in

lid few nf » i»*l ruiiftiiijj I liruilgli Lin" tuilt ijr Ijing ir. it, IdSE 1 lit Hirtt-
sprit' p* « InJI, di, at <i>w qi hxrv\bi* iM -IJii Hit cwn-mrit it ifct
ifumn of t bill i:c znc lilli-d n Ihc -;l(Kk of lilt looping., ryot ibe -tjlib
spirit i' n E=H (if rnw j.i ihiovii>tCi Siri =f, 1 (ft: cent'ipiril u 1 but]
&ip|-j:vi> |ft S.f l»:jrt| >11 ! [Urolingi jyi -j,', ; Ll >: torn spr: u 1 till 11s
fallWH OF In iprl«£, 2QZ.

I fi, J'A* Cjni-j/irii as :i Rme at Man, pp — TrM r-jirr; jpiisL it ■

Lins! ranraip^ Ibrjugh L>,= corn, 13a : "teylaiE I Fit FiUrt" in ti^rlford-
tiirr n r :l Shiu|»S re, fy? rijt 1 '.lie CHUpdiL u. ■ ImKm.- in I'j lye.

-J. To# Gtnt-rfirif TI A ppi, ry. — Tike CC.’ii Sjuir 11 1 ,]uil, [

tfcf riir-i^hrii i' a liliu- hirii , ry ; its ice Jjh.r 1 ; t ijunh 1 , asS,

fj in, Tkt il.vji jjirTir 11 a jip a-n6 sy_ — He cjMH-ipicit u ihr fcrnn of *
fin running ■liiiAgli ilit* turn in Htting an il t zi\J. j ;he tM^-hjn>|i an ■,

Ebi kL .-iM|"ii:jj Llic lul enrp r =if£ ff, I the- COOi -Oniric nil A IjuOL uL lEinzipiiaj;,

3 ST ; ilw Jaiswr lirr-rrv. n&od.vLed vith. ih* fnx, 135.

f ti Sfitr Caw-i/jr-* 4J a /'rjf, |jji. iji!l- i Jdi j, — Th| c/JTn-ipiril u.1 A lr_.ii r-uliiog
ttiiau(jh 1 he Cum. luSi il.u nmn L !iiit m 1 hour 01 irvw 11 reaping. a^K :
the cvrn spiril as k iant rn ihistllkts, «3 ry, 1 Ifcc Dom-ipieii iu a |sg
nl J**; iht :-jrn i|.iri: diubwUr:l : n llir Yutr cr ChriKKiii Ikiu

of Sound i my in ku:] HiLliuiita. ^uu-jpj.

§ It (Jm thf Anivtn! £ntfafinievft ef tie Ctm-tptrit t pp JOEio-Siri-

kKliLil u: Itin JinrniH supper, jaj. ; ^u-i! Iovihui the

enfifkfliiir* nr" ‘.Is cum Tpifir k • „HI th in J aaiEik! Faiaii, joj ig, ,
nuMk l.ir LN; rnr.nv tTdical fotikt uipppwd M |« jj^ inuTf liy
±t corn-s^irii, j:..| if,

Note. — T iic riftfaJes in Primitive CaLrntSare Pfii

Impaiuusiii of Lbk riuiudir-- in (r.inii.lv,- cnloiidnov 307 j iLituclon jnkd 1* ibf
Fldimltil hjl I li- Amlnlikn 1 li-.ripirtr.. 307 Wf. r ly Utc lildikU nl Pjri^oiy
ind Jlriiil, ^jS-jicn iij- ||-.r I niftins or I'cru ,n -L Sleiiijn. ^ici ip .lij-ihr
Jftsih Amfiioje tndisn^ j.t I ry, li^ Ifw ro^rncuuu, jaa jp., Iiy ihr
M<]«nnianE K JiJ, L> liic naiiu^. cf Cir-un irwJ ab: J.'iiIim.i Ah-Ki-

pal-® 1 '. 3 T 3 .1 1 5 1 Lif f be iiiIlwii of iVFrir:i. JiJ-JiJi Lie O.cii,, j :.< l
P-onmniv 3 1 £ ; rlit n-niurii-ivT' .-.r iSir l^lemifcs vt i> h ^giirulcriidi s. n !j i a. r- _ n I ly
IhkcH. on ?hE cnlaelrkriGC irf alii i’ riii'r tirseLitn; ts .LIl ihe LoniufaKBirnl:

■ar ihr r.iicty iLLSAD, if.

urn VATTHA mmm matihh

tnicHun, cqcj-un state,

fYa : 3 H .

CHAPTER 1

DIONYSUS

In the preceding part of this wotk wc .-jw that in anti-
quity the civilised nations oF western Asia and Egypt
pictured to themselves the changes of the seasons, and
particularly the annual growth and decay of vegetation,
as episodes jn the Life of gods, whose mourn ftil death
ashl happy rcsarteclion Llt-ty celebrated with dramaiic
ritei of alternate larmutalion and LejoieJng. ftut if the
celelwatiact in form dramatic, it was in substance

magical ; lhat i* to say, ft was intended, tin I he ] wind tits
eF (iymfatSiettt magic, to ensure the hernial regeneration L:f
plant and the multiplication af animals, which had aterned.
to- he menaced by Ihe crtroaH^ of winter, fa the indent
world, however, such ideas and such rite* w**? try no means
corsfiotid to the tkiental peoples of Bdrylon and Syria,
of Phrygii and Egypt- they were sot a product gretuhr to
the regions mysticism of the dreamy tail, bail vtm shared
by !l>e Tices of lirdicr Fancy and more ni-ereiirial tempera-
nKAtwbo inhabited the shores and islands of the Aegean,
We need not, with, some eirquirenS iu ancient and nrydorti
times, suppose that these Western peoples borrowed from
Hue older civilisation of Hie Orient the coiKepSkm of the
Pying and Kavividg God, together with the sohjfrtn ritual ,
jn ufhiclL that OMiOvpIiOn was dramatically &ti forth before
the eyca'of tit? worshippers- More probably the resemblance
which uiay !be trae?d in this respect between the; religions of
th-e East and the W<.-Ft is no more than what we commonly,.
th.™agb incurreedy, call a fcnluEiou* coincidence, the effect of

K, V. TOI_ [ g 5

IfepLh And
«*Jrrw'

■ iim -nr

OlinlAl

TCJtDUkltl.

Tfcq ?Trni|T

-uni Rnn •
a.i; ,!■:■ I dT

in

Cmr